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. 2014 Jan 5;13(3):143–152. doi: 10.1007/s12522-013-0175-8

Figure 7.

Figure 7

Effects of 17β‐estradiol (E) and diethylstilbestrol (DES) on progesterone (P)‐enhanced hyperactivation when spermatozoa were exposed to 40 ng/mL P after exposure to 4 pg/mL E, 4 pg/mL DES or a mixture of them for 5 min as shown in Table 2. It shows an overview of effects of P, E, DES and the mixture on the percentage of hyperactivation (a) and detailed percentages of hyperactivation after incubation for 1, 1.5 and 2 h (b). Data are expressed as mean ± SD. In all graphs, “Vehicle” refers to mTALP medium + 0.3 % ethanol. “40 ng/mL P” is vehicle + 40 ng/mL P. “P + E (4 pg/mL)”, “P + DES (4 pg/mL)” and “P + mixture of E and DES” are vehicle + 40 ng/mL P + 4 pg/mL E, vehicle + 40 ng/mL P + 4 pg/mL DES and vehicle + 40 ng/mL P + a mixture of 4 pg/mL E and 4 pg/mL DES. *Significant difference compared with “Vehicle” (P < 0.05). **Significant difference compared with “40 ng/mL P” (P < 0.05). ***Significant difference compared with “Vehicle” and “40 ng/mL P” (P < 0.05)