Table 1.

Types of artificial oocyte activation methods and reported cases in clinical research

Types of artificial oocyte activation methods	Mechanism of oocyte activation	Cases of pregnancy and delivery in clinical research
Calcium ionophore†	Increase in Ca2+ permeability of cell membrane	+ (Hoshi et al. 1995 A23187 27 )
Electrostimulation	Pore formation in cell membrane, entry of extracellular Ca2+	+ (Yanagida et al. 1999 28 )
Strontium	Release of endogenous Ca2+	+ (Yanagida et al. 2006 29 )
Ethanol	Increase in Ca2+ permeability of cell membrane
Puromycin‡	Inhibition of protein synthesis	+ (Murase et al. 2004 30 )
Cycloheximide	Inhibition of protein synthesis

^† Calcium ionophores include A23187 and ionomycin.

^‡ ‡Puromycin is used in combination with A23187.