Fig. 7.

ER stress upregulated GM-CSF expression by a transcriptional mechanism. a GM-CSF mRNA levels of adipocytes treated with TM (1 μg/ml) in different time. b Elisa results of supernatant of adipocytes treated with TM in the presence or absence of 4-PBA. c RT-PCR for GM-CSF mRNA assessment. Adipocytes were administrated with 5 μg/ml Actinomycin D in the presence or absence of 1 μg/ml TM. d Ready-To-Glow™ NF-κB Secreted Luciferase Reporter System to assess NF-κB activity