Table 1.

Demographic distributions and geometric mean concentration of urinary PAH metabolites with 95% confidence intervals in μg/g creatinine

	N (%)	2-Naphthol GM (95% CI)	2-Hydroxyfluorene GM (95% CI)	1-Hydroxyphenanthrene GM (95% CI)	1-Hydroxypyrene GM (95% CI)
Age
20–29 yrs	30 (2.4)	2.10 (1.47–3.02)	0.23 (0.18–0.29)	0.10 (0.08–0.13)	0.18 (0.14–0.23)
30–39 yrs	229 (18.0)	2.02 (1.77–2.30)	0.26 (0.24–0.28)	0.10 (0.10–0.11)	0.16 (0.14–0.17)
40–49 yrs	208 (16.4)	2.09 (1.82–2.40)	0.25 (0.23–0.28)	0.11 (0.10–0.12)	0.17 (0.16–0.19)
50–59 yrs	284 (22.4)	2.82 (2.51–3.17)	0.31 (0.28–0.33)	0.15 (0.14–0.16)	0.21 (0.19–0.22)
60–69 yrs	313 (24.7)	2.97 (2.66–3.32)	0.30 (0.27–0.32)	0.15 (0.14–0.16)	0.22 (0.21–0.24)
≥ 70 yrs	205 (16.2)	3.39 (2.95–3.89)	0.30 (0.27–0.33)	0.16 (0.14–0.17)	0.22 (0.20–0.24)
p-value		< 0.001	0.002	< 0.001	< 0.001
BMI
< 25 kg/m2	780 (61.5)	2.56 (2.38–2.75)	0.27 (0.26–0.29)	0.13 (0.12–0.13)	0.19 (0.18–0.20)
≥ 25 kg/m2	489 (38.5)	2.72 (2.48–2.98)	0.29 (0.28–0.31)	0.15 (0.14–0.16)	0.21 (0.20–0.22)
p-value		0.297	0.072	< 0.001	0.008
Passive smoking
No	1111 (87.5)	2.63 (2.47–2.79)	0.28 (0.27–0.29)	0.14 (0.13–0.14)	0.20 (0.19–0.20)
Yes	158 (12.5)	2.55 (2.17–3.00)	0.29 (0.26–0.32)	0.12 (0.11–0.14)	0.18 (0.16–0.20)
p-value		0.740	0.797	0.071	0.181
Drinking
No	753 (59.3)	2.75 (2.55–2.96)	0.28 (0.27–0.30)	0.14 (0.13–0.14)	0.19 (0.19–0.20)
Yes	516 (40.7)	2.44 (2.23–2.67)	0.28 (0.27–0.30)	0.13 (0.12–0.14)	0.20 (0.18–0.21)
p-value		0.044	0.963	0.261	0.912
Exercise
No	596 (47.0)	2.43 (2.23–2.64)	0.27 (0.26–0.29)	0.12 (0.12–0.13)	0.19 (0.18–0.20)
Yes	673 (53.0)	2.80 (2.60–3.03)	0.29 (0.27–0.30)	0.14 (0.14–0.15)	0.20 (0.19–0.21)
p-value		0.012	0.147	< 0.001	0.062