Table 3.

Adjusted geometric mean concentrations (μg/g creatinine) of urinary PAH metabolites with 95% confidence intervals in μg/g creatinine categorized by residence characteristics

Category	N (%)	2-Naphthol GM* (95% CI)	2-Hydroxyfluorene GM* (95% CI)	1-Hydroxyphenanthrene GM* (95% CI)	1-Hydroxypyrene GM* (95% CI)
Type of heating fuel
Gas	1014 (79.9)	2.54 (2.31–2.80)	0.29 (0.27–0.31)	0.13 (0.12–0.14)	0.19 (0.17–0.20)
Oil	145 (11.4)	3.18 (2.53–4.00)	0.27 (0.23–0.31)	0.13 (0.11–0.14)	0.20 (0.17–0.23)
Coal/briquette/wood	36 (2.8)	1.82 (1.07–3.08)	0.32 (0.22–0.45)	0.17 (0.12–0.24)	0.30 (0.21–0.42)
Electric fuel/cogeneration	74 (5.8)	3.15 (2.25–4.41)	0.27 (0.21–0.33)	0.15 (0.12–0.18)	0.19 (0.15–0.24)
p-value		0.106	0.687	0.252	0.082
Type of residence
Apartment	741 (58.4)	2.56 (2.29–2.86)	0.28 (0.26–0.31)	0.13 (0.12–0.14)	0.19 (0.17–0.20)
Multiplex	170 (13.4)	2.65 (2.10–3.36)	0.29 (0.25–0.34)	0.13 (0.11–0.14)	0.18 (0.15–0.21)
Detached	358 (28.2)	2.73 (2.34–3.20)	0.28 (0.26–0.32)	0.14 (0.13–0.16)	0.20 (0.18–0.23)
p-value		0.796	0.981	0.157	0.237
Age of building
≤ 10 yrs	155 (12.2)	2.72 (2.18–3.39)	0.29 (0.25–0.33)	0.14 (0.12–0.16)	0.18 (0.16–0.21)
10–19 yrs	382 (30.1)	2.85 (2.43–3.36)	0.29 (0.26–0.33)	0.13 (0.12–0.15)	0.18 (0.16–0.20)
20–29 yrs	465 (36.6)	2.40 (2.09–2.74)	0.27 (0.25–0.30)	0.13 (0.12–0.14)	0.19 (0.17–0.21)
> 30 yrs	267 (21.0)	2.67 (2.20–3.24)	0.29 (0.26–0.33)	0.13 (0.12–0.15)	0.21 (0.19–0.24)
p-value		0.405	0.713	0.756	0.336
Distance from major road
≥ 100 m	594 (46.8)	2.57 (2.27–2.91)	0.27 (0.25–0.29)	0.12 (0.11–0.13)	0.18 (0.17–0.20)
< 100 m	675 (53.2)	2.68 (2.38–3.00)	0.30 (0.28–0.33)	0.14 (0.13–0.15)	0.20 (0.18–0.22)
p-value		0.644	0.043	0.018	0.118

*Estimated geometric means and p-values were calculated by ANCOVA adjusting for age and passive smoking