Table 5.
The distribution of raw score of the Social Health Scale for the Elderly
| Characteristic | Long form | Short form | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median (QR) | P-value | Median (QR) | P-value | |
| Demographic and socio-economic variables | ||||
| Gender | < 0.01* | < 0.01* | ||
| Male | 62.00 (13.00) | 37.00 (9.00) | ||
| Female | 64.00 (14.00) | 38.00 (9.00) | ||
| Age group | < 0.01# | < 0.01# | ||
| 60~ 69 years | 65.00 (14.00) | 39.00 (10.00) | ||
| 70~ 79 years | 62.00 (13.00) | 38.00 (9.00) | ||
| 80 years and above | 58.00 (13.00) | 35.00 (9.00) | ||
| Type of household | < 0.01# | < 0.01# | ||
| Agricultural | 61.00 (14.00) | 34.00 (9.00) | ||
| Non-agricultural | 63.00 (14.00) | 40.00 (8.00) | ||
| Agricultural to non-agricultural | 64.00 (13.00) | 38.00 (8.00) | ||
| Others | 65.00 (16.00) | 42.00 (12.00) | ||
| Religion | < 0.01# | < 0.01# | ||
| Buddhism | 63.00 (14.00) | 37.00 (8.00) | ||
| Christianity | 58.50 (15.00) | 35.00 (9.00) | ||
| Others | 67.50 (10.00) | 39.00 (9.00) | ||
| None | 63.00 (13.00) | 39.00 (9.00) | ||
| Education level | < 0.01# | < 0.01# | ||
| Uneducated | 61.00 (13.00) | 35.00 (7.00) | ||
| Did not completed primary school | 61.00 (15.00) | 36.00 (9.00) | ||
| Primary school graduate | 63.00 (13.00) | 37.00 (8.00) | ||
| Middle school graduate | 65.00 (13.00) | 40.00 (9.00) | ||
| High school graduate | 65.00 (13.00) | 41.00 (9.00) | ||
| College/university graduate | 67.50 (12.00) | 42.00 (9.00) | ||
| Marital status | < 0.01# | < 0.01# | ||
| Never married | 56.00 (10.00) | 35.00 (4.00) | ||
| Married | 64.00 (13.00) | 39.00 (9.00) | ||
| Divorced | 59.00 (9.50) | 37.00 (7.00) | ||
| Widowed | 59.00 (12.00) | 36.00 (8.00) | ||
| Behavioral variables | ||||
| Living alone | < 0.01* | 0.20* | ||
| Yes | 60.00 (14.00) | 37.00 (9.00) | ||
| No | 63.00 (13.00) | 38.00 (10.00) | ||
| Quality of sleeping | < 0.01# | < 0.01# | ||
| Sleep very well all the time | 65.00 (13.00) | 39.00 (10.00) | ||
| Sleep well in most of the time | 63.00 (13.50) | 37.00 (9.00) | ||
| Sleep badly in most of the time | 63.00 (14.00) | 38.00 (10.00) | ||
| Sleep very badly all the time | 58.00 (12.00) | 36.00 (10.00) | ||
| Current smoker | 0.03* | < 0.01* | ||
| Yes | 62.00 (14.00) | 37.00 (9.00) | ||
| No | 63.00 (13.00) | 38.00 (10.00) | ||
| Current drinker | 0.77* | 0.17* | ||
| Yes | 63.00 (12.00) | 38.00 (9.00) | ||
| No | 63.00 (14.00) | 38.00 (10.00) | ||
| Health status variables | ||||
| Mobility a | < 0.01# | < 0.01# | ||
| Have no problems in walking about | 63.00 (13.00) | 38.00 (9.00) | ||
| Have some problems in walking about | 59.00 (15.00) | 35.00 (9.00) | ||
| Be confined to bed | 44.00 (20.00) | 25.50 (10.00) | ||
| Self-care a | < 0.01# | < 0.01# | ||
| Have no problems with self-care | 63.00 (13.00) | 38.00 (10.00) | ||
| Have some problems in washing/dressing | 57.00 (16.00) | 34.00 (10.00) | ||
| Be unable to wash/dress | 47.00 (15.50) | 26.00 (7.50) | ||
| Usual activities a | < 0.01# | < 0.01# | ||
| Have no problems with performing | 63.00 (13.00) | 38.00 (9.00) | ||
| Have some problems with performing | 58.00 (14.00) | 34.00 (8.00) | ||
| Be unable to perform | 50.00 (14.00) | 28.50 (12.00) | ||
| Pain/discomfort a | 0.92# | 0.34# | ||
| Have no pain/discomfort | 63.00 (14.00) | 38.00 (9.00) | ||
| Have moderate pain/discomfort | 63.00 (12.00) | 38.00 (8.00) | ||
| Have extreme pain/discomfort | 62.00 (19.00) | 39.00 (11.00) | ||
| Anxiety/depression a | < 0.01# | < 0.01# | ||
| Be not anxious/depressed | 63.00 (13.00) | 38.00 (10.00) | ||
| Be moderately anxious/depressed | 61.00 (13.00) | 37.00 (8.00) | ||
| Be extremely anxious/depressed | 59.00 (15.00) | 36.00 (8.00) | ||
| Number of confirmed chronic diseases | 0.61# | < 0.01# | ||
| 0 | 63.00 (13.00) | 37.00 (9.00) | ||
| 1 | 63.00 (14.00) | 38.00 (9.00) | ||
| 2 | 63.00 (14.00) | 38.00 (9.00) | ||
| 3~ | 62.00 (15.00) | 39.00 (9.00) | ||
N = 2404
*P-value of Wilcoxon rank sum test
#P-value of Kruskal-Wallis H test
a The dimension of the three-level EuroQol five-dimensional questionnaire