Table 4.
Sex ratio of autoimmune diseases that may be associated with PAH [24]
| Autoimmune disease | Ratio of women to men | Prevalence (per 105) |
|---|---|---|
| Hashimoto’s thyroiditis | 19:1 | 792 |
| Sjögren’s syndrome | 16:1 | 14 |
| Systemic sclerosis/sclerodermaa | 12:1 | 24 |
| Primary biliary cirrhosis | 8:1 | 15 |
| Autoimmune hepatitis type 2 | 8:1 | 3 |
| Graves’ disease (thyroiditis) | 7:1 | 629 |
| Systemic lupus erythematosusa | 7:1 | 32 |
| Autoimmune hepatitis type 1 | 4:1 | 17 |
| Mixed connective tissue disease | 4:1 | 3 |
| Rheumatoid arthritisa | 3:1 | 860 |
| Myositis/dermatomyositisa | 2:1 | 5 |
| Myocarditisb | 1:2 | – |
aRheumatic autoimmune diseases include Sjögren’s syndrome, systemic sclerosis/scleroderma, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and myositis/ dermatomyositis
bThe prevalence of myocarditis is not known