Table 1.
Clinical and echocardiographic characteristics of isolated mitral regurgitation in the community
| All patients (n=1294) | Ejection fraction <50% (n=538) | Ejection fraction ≥50% (n=756) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical characteristics | ||||
|
| ||||
| Age at diagnosis, years | 77 (66–84) | 77–5 (67–84) | 77 (65–84) | 0.0449 |
| Men | 612 (47%) | 311 (58%) | 301 (40%) | <0.0001 |
| Primary mitral regurgitation | 571 (44%) | 20 (4%) | 551 (73%) | <0.0001 |
| History of heart failure | 447 (35%) | 279 (52%) | 168 (22%) | <0.0001 |
| History of myocardial infarction | 150 (12%) | 101 (19%) | 49 (6%) | <0.0001 |
| Dyspnoea | 785 (63%) | 390 (75%) | 395 (55%) | <0.0001 |
| Chest pain | 367 (30%) | 159 (30%) | 208 (29%) | 0.5536 |
| Leg oedema | 542 (44%) | 260 (50%) | 282 (39%) | 0.0002 |
| Palpitations | 192 (15%) | 65 (12%) | 127 (18%) | 0.0124 |
| Syncope | 101 (8%) | 40 (8%) | 61 (8%) | 0.6046 |
| Atrial fibrillation or flutter | 335 (26%) | 151 (29%) | 184 (24%) | 0.0087 |
|
| ||||
| Associated disorders and variables | ||||
|
| ||||
| Hypertension | 828 (64%) | 357 (66%) | 471 (62%) | 0.1342 |
| Hyperlipidaemia | 569 (44%) | 271 (50%) | 298 (39%) | <0.0001 |
| Cerebral vascular disease | 182 (14%) | 85 (16%) | 100 (13%) | 0.1927 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 107 (8%) | 61 (11%) | 46 (6%) | 0.0010 |
| COPD | 165 (13%) | 93 (17%) | 72 (10%) | <0.0001 |
| Diabetes | 247 (19%) | 135 (25%) | 112 (15%) | <0.0001 |
| Charlson index | 2 (1–4) | 3 (2–5) | 2 (0–3) | <0.0001 |
| Creatinine concentration (mg/dL) | 1.3 (0.7) | 1.4 (0.8) | 1.2 (0.6) | <0.0001* |
| Haemoglobin concentration (g/dL) | 12.5 (1.8) | 12.5 (1.8) | 12.5 (1.9) | 0.7884 |
|
| ||||
| Echocardiographic characteristics | ||||
|
| ||||
| Left atrium diameter (mm) | 48 (8) | 50 (8) | 47 (9) | 0.0006 |
| Left atrium volume (mL) | 93 (36) | 100 (35) | 88 (36) | <0.0001* |
| Regurgitant volume (mL/beat) | 43 (19) | 39 (16) | 45 (21) | <0.0001* |
| Effective regurgitant orifice volume (cm2) | 0.25 (0.14) | 0.25 (0.12) | 0.26 (0.15) | 0.3367 |
| Left-ventricular ejection fraction % | 48 (17) | 30 (10) | 61 (7) | <0.0001* |
| Left ventricle end diastolic diameter (mm) | 53 (9) | 59 (9) | 49 (7) | <0.0001* |
| Left ventricle end systolic diameter (mm) | 48 (8) | 50 (8) | 47 (9) | 0.0005 |
| Left ventricle mass index (g/m2) | 120 (38) | 135 (39) | 108 (32) | <0.0001* |
| Pulmonary artery pressure (mm Hg) | 49 (16) | 52 (15) | 46 (16) | <0.0001* |
Data are median (IQR), n (%), or mean (SD). COPD=chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
*
Indicates for continuous variables >10% differences between groups; extended table with 95% CIs is in the appendix.