Table 3.
Survival Regression Model Showing the Incremental Cause‐Specific and Sub‐Distribution Hazard Ratios Comparing HAS‐BLED Scores Risk of Bleeding Events
| HAS‐BLED Score Comparison | Cox PH | Competing Risks | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| csHR | 95% CI | sdHR | 95% CI | |
| (A) Major bleeds, overall | ||||
| HAS‐BLED 1 vs 0 | 1.34 | 1.15 to 1.56 | 1.34 | 1.15 to 1.55 |
| HAS‐BLED 2 vs 1 | 1.31 | 1.16 to 1.49 | 1.31 | 1.16 to 1.48 |
| HAS‐BLED 3 vs 2 | 1.22 | 1.06 to 1.39 | 1.21 | 1.06 to 1.39 |
| HAS‐BLED ≥4 vs 3 | 1.71 | 1.44 to 2.04 | 1.71 | 1.44 to 2.03 |
| (B) Major bleeds, no cancer | ||||
| HAS‐BLED 1 vs 0 | 1.44 | 1.20 to 1.73 | 1.44 | 1.20 to 1.72 |
| HAS‐BLED 2 vs 1 | 1.26 | 1.08 to 1.47 | 1.26 | 1.08 to 1.47 |
| HAS‐BLED 3 vs 2 | 1.37 | 1.16 to 1.63 | 1.37 | 1.15 to 1.63 |
| HAS‐BLED ≥4 vs 3 | 1.72 | 1.38 to 2.14 | 1.71 | 1.38 to 2.14 |
| (C) Major bleeds, cancer only | ||||
| HAS‐BLED 1 vs 0 | 0.88 | 0.67 to 1.14 | 0.89 | 0.68 to 1.15 |
| HAS‐BLED 2 vs 1 | 1.22 | 0.99 to 1.49 | 1.23 | 1.00 to 1.50 |
| HAS‐BLED 3 vs 2 | 0.95 | 0.77 to 1.19 | 0.95 | 0.77 to 1.19 |
| HAS‐BLED ≥4 vs 3 | 1.66 | 1.26 to 2.20 | 1.66 | 1.25 to 2.19 |
| (D) All bleeds, overall | ||||
| HAS‐BLED 1 vs 0 | 1.29 | 1.18 to 1.41 | 1.28 | 1.17 to 1.41 |
| HAS‐BLED 2 vs 1 | 1.24 | 1.15 to 1.33 | 1.24 | 1.14 to 1.33 |
| HAS‐BLED 3 vs 2 | 1.24 | 1.14 to 1.35 | 1.24 | 1.14 to 1.35 |
| HAS‐BLED ≥4 vs 3 | 1.55 | 1.38 to 1.73 | 1.54 | 1.38 to 1.73 |
| (E) All bleeds, no cancer | ||||
| HAS‐BLED 1 vs 0 | 1.35 | 1.21 to 1.50 | 1.34 | 1.21 to 1.50 |
| HAS‐BLED 2 vs 1 | 1.24 | 1.13 to 1.36 | 1.24 | 1.13 to 1.36 |
| HAS‐BLED 3 vs 2 | 1.33 | 1.20 to 1.48 | 1.33 | 1.20 to 1.48 |
| HAS‐BLED ≥4 vs 3 | 1.62 | 1.41 to 1.86 | 1.61 | 1.40 to 1.86 |
| (F) All bleeds, cancer only | ||||
| HAS‐BLED 1 vs 0 | 0.89 | 0.76 to 1.05 | 0.90 | 0.76 to 1.06 |
| HAS‐BLED 2 vs 1 | 1.07 | 0.94 to 1.22 | 1.08 | 0.95 to 1.23 |
| HAS‐BLED 3 vs 2 | 1.05 | 0.92 to 1.21 | 1.05 | 0.92 to 1.21 |
| HAS‐BLED ≥4 vs 3 | 1.41 | 1.17 to 1.69 | 1.40 | 1.17 to 1.69 |
C‐indices (95% CI) for Cox PH and competing risks models, respectively: A=0.710 (0.698–0.723), 0.700 (0.690–0.710); B=0.730 (0.712–0.748), 0.720 (0.710–0.730); C=0.685 (0.665–0.705), 0.670 (0.658–0.682); D=0.725 (0.715–0.735), 0.715 (0.705–0.725); E=0.735 (0.728–0.742), 0.730 (0.720–0.740); F=0.670 (0.650–0.690), 0.660 (0.635–0.685). CI indicates confidence interval; csHR, cause‐specific hazard ratio; HAS‐BLED, Hypertension, Abnormal renal/liver function, Stroke, Bleeding, Labile International Normalized Ratio (INR), Elderly, Drugs or alcohol use; PH, proportional hazards; sdHR, sub‐distribution hazard ratio.