Table 2.
CAC Score Category, OR (95% CI) | Coffee Consumption, Number of 50‐mL Cups/d | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Never/Almost Never | ≤1 | 1–3 | >3 | P for Trenda | P for Interactiona , b | |
CAC ≥100 vs <100 | ||||||
No. of cases | 113 | 92 | 198 | 38 | ||
Total population (without interaction term) | ||||||
Model 1 (crude) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.80 (0.60–1.07) | 0.84 (0.66–1.08) | 0.60 (0.41–0.89) | 0.027 | — |
Model 2 (adjusted) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.89 (0.61–1.30) | 0.86 (0.63–1.19) | 0.51 (0.30–0.86) | 0.039 | — |
Total population (with interaction term) | ||||||
Model 1 (crude) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.82 (0.61–1.11) | 0.84 (0.61–1.13) | 0.70 (0.40–1.23) | 0.219 | 0.300 |
Model 2 (adjusted) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.85 (0.58–1.24) | 0.73 (0.51–1.05) | 0.33 (0.17–0.65) | 0.015 | 0.028 |
Model 2: adjusted for age, sex, race or skin color, educational attainment, body mass index, physical activity level, smoking status, alcohol consumption, saturated fat, total energy intake, consumption of fruit, vegetable and tea intake, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, and use of antihypertensive, antidiabetic, and cholesterol‐lowering medications. CAC indicates coronary artery calcium; CI, confidence interval; ELSA‐Brasil indicates Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health; OR, odds ratio; Ref., reference.
P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Interaction between coffee consumption and smoking status.