Table 3.
Census Tract Crime and BMI or BP Status
| Crime Type | Obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2)(n=12 358)a | Elevated BP (SBP ≥140 or DBP ≥90 mm Hg)(n=14 331)b | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | OR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI)c | % | OR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI)c | |
| Nonviolent crime rate quartile | ||||||
| Low | 24.8 | Reference | Reference | 24.1 | Reference | Reference |
| Medium | 44.2 | 1.89 (1.49–2.40)d | 1.57 (1.27–1.93)d | 32.8 | 1.33 (1.10–1.61)e | 1.09 (0.94–1.27) |
| High | 44.9 | 1.79 (1.42–2.25)d | 1.36 (1.10–1.68)e | 36.1 | 1.44 (1.20–1.73)d | 1.14 (0.97–1.33) |
| Very high | 48.7 | 1.82 (1.44–2.28)d | 1.41 (1.13–1.76)e | 36.6 | 1.44 (1.20–1.73)d | 1.15 (0.98–1.36) |
| Violent crime rate quartile | ||||||
| Low | 24.8 | Reference | Reference | 24.1 | Reference | Reference |
| Medium | 41.2 | 1.69 (1.35–2.10)d | 1.36 (1.07–1.73)f | 33.1 | 1.41 (1.19–1.69)d | 1.14 (0.95–1.37) |
| High | 50.0 | 2.07 (1.66–2.58)d | 1.52 (1.17–1.96)e | 38.6 | 1.71 (1.44–2.04)d | 1.24 (1.02–1.51)f |
| Very high | 50.3 | 2.10 (1.68–2.62)d | 1.53 (1.15–2.03)e | 36.2 | 1.51 (1.26–1.80)d | 1.25 (1.01–1.56)f |
| Presence of homicideg | ||||||
| No homicide | 36.7 | Reference | Reference | 30.0 | Reference | Reference |
| At least 1 homicide | 49.1 | 1.37 (1.17–1.60)d | 1.07 (0.95–1.21) | 37.7 | 1.28 (1.14–1.45)d | 1.16 (1.06–1.27)e |
| Proximity to nearest homicide, mile | ||||||
| >1 | 33.8 | Reference | Reference | 28.9 | Reference | Reference |
| >0.5–1 | 34.4 | 1.32 (1.01–1.71)f | 0.93 (0.72–1.20) | 29.4 | 1.16 (0.92–1.48) | 0.98 (0.78–1.24) |
| >0.25–0.5 | 44.7 | 1.46 (1.11–1.91)e | 0.96 (0.73–1.25) | 34.8 | 1.20 (0.94–1.53) | 1.01 (0.80–1.29) |
| ≤0.25 | 48.4 | 1.58 (1.19–2.08)e | 1.00 (0.76–1.32) | 36.3 | 1.24 (0.96–1.59) | 1.08 (0.84–1.38) |
AOR indicates adjusted OR; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CI, confidence interval; DBP, diastolic BP; OR, odds ratio; and SBP, systolic BP.
Derived from height and weight measurements recorded in the electronic health record; standard definitions obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Derived from systolic and diastolic BP measurements recorded in the electronic health record; standard definitions obtained from the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee.
Estimates obtained from generalized linear mixed models. Adjusted for patient demographics, including age (continuous), sex, race, and insurance status; clinic site; and census tract characteristics, including median household income (continuous), ≥25% less than high school graduation, ≥25% unemployment, ≥75% minority racial/ethnic composition, and ≥10% poor English fluency.
P<0.001.
P<0.01.
P<0.05.
Presence of homicide on the basis of census tract of residence.