Table 1.

AaPAL induced apoptosis of the mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7.

	Apoptosis (%)
	Mean	SD	p-value
Medium	23	21
AaPAL 0.5 µg/mL	32	37	0.471
AaPAL 2.0 µg/mL	56	33	0.045
LP 1.0 µg/mL	30	24	0.044
LPS 2.0 µg/mL	20	19	0.628

Cells were stimulated with different concentrations of AaPAL for 48 h. The apoptosis was estimated by measuring DNA fragmentation using the TiterTACS kit (R&D systems). LP denotes synthetic bacterial lipopeptide Pam₃CSK₄ (EMC Microcollections GmbH). Nuclease-treated cells were used as a positive control and regarded as 100% apoptotic cells. The table shows means and SD from three separate experiments. The statistical significance of the difference between the treated and non-treated (medium) cells was evaluated using the Mann-Whitney U-test. p-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.