Table 1.
Comparison of socio-demographic, blood pressure, dual-energy X-ray (DXA) derived body composition, anthropometric and lifestyle factors between males and females
| Variable | Males (n = 1026) | Females (n = 982) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) /% | Mean (SD)/% | P-value | |
| Demographics | |||
| Age (years) | 49.42 (6.03) | 49.16 (6.08) | 0.314 |
| Proportion with secondary education (%) | 72.9% | 78.6% | 0.003 |
| SES asset score | 4.49 (1.45) | 3.02 (1.53) | ≤0.001 |
| Outcomes: Blood pressure | |||
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 131.88 (21.03) | 132.49 (21.51) | 0.521 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 89.31 (13.18) | 81.78 (9.45) | ≤0.001 |
| Hypertensive (%) | 48.0% | 38.8% | ≤0.001 |
| DXA derived body composition and anthropometric parameters | |||
| Height (m) | 1.71 (0.06) | 1.58(0.06) | ≤0.001 |
| Weight (kg) | 73.13 (17.52) | 82.65(18.20) | ≤0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.96 (5.65) | 33.10(6.97) | ≤0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 89.22 (14.81) | 98.46(14.45) | ≤0.001 |
| Whole body fat mass (FM) (kg) | 18.74 (83.70) | 32.97 (10.10) | ≤0.001 |
| Whole body fat free soft tissue mass (FFSTM) (kg) | 51.32 (85.32) | 44.96 (70.81) | ≤0.001 |
| FM/FFSTM | 0.36 (0.12) | 0.73 (0.16) | ≤0.001 |
| Body fat % | 24.71 (6.30) | 40.32 (5.78) | ≤0.001 |
| Subcutaneous adipose tissue (cm2) | 190.06 (125.40) | 454.67 (153.60) | ≤0.001 |
| Visceral adipose tissue (cm2) | 84.56 (43.62) | 99.83 (40.42) | ≤0.001 |
| Lifestyle factors | |||
| HIV negative (%) | 80.4% | 79.4% | 0.668 |
| Tobacco users (%) | 69.8% | 28.5% | ≤0.001 |