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. 2017 Aug 23;9(5):352–363. doi: 10.1093/jmcb/mjx037

Figure 3.

Figure 3

The regulation of KLFs in ECs. In ECs, laminar shear stress (LSS) upregulates, while oscillatory shear stress (OSS) downregulates KLF2 and KLF4. Epigenetic regulation (DNA methylation or histone acetylation) and MEK5–ERK5 signaling mediate the shear stress-dependent regulation of KLF2 and KLF4. KLF2, KLF4, and KLF11 potently inhibit inflammation through suppression of the NF-κB pathway. KLF11 facilitates PPARγ protective effect on ECs, while KLF2 dynamically interacts with co-activators or co-repressors to modulate cell function. Statins upregulate KLF2 in ECs.