Figure 4.

Pak1 is among mediators of both curcumin and insulin in stimulating ChREBP expression. (A and B) Pak1 Thr423 phosphorylation in mouse hepatocytes was stimulated by curcumin (1 μM) or insulin (10 nM) at indicated time intervals. (C–E) qRT-PCR shows that in mouse primary hepatocytes, curcumin-stimulated ChREBP (total as well as α and β isoforms) expression was blocked by the Pak inhibitor IPA3. (F and G) Western blotting show the effect of IPA3 pre-treatment on insulin (F) or curcumin (G)-stimulated ChREBP expression, Oct-1 content, Pak1 as well as ERK phosphorylation. Panels F and G are representative blot of three independent experiments. n ≥ 3 for C–E, where level means without a common letter are statistically different.