Table 2.
Evidence of necrosis in heart diseases
| Resources | Manipulation | Observations | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Heart failure patients | Detection of different forms of DNA damages caused by apoptosis and necrosis separately | 13‐fold and 27‐fold increase in necrosis in women and men, respectively | 72 |
| Heart failure patients | Detection of the level of death receptor | TNF‐a or Fas ligands are elevated in the serum of patients | 76, 77 |
| Heart failure patients | Detection of the necrotic markers (pMLKL) | Up‐regulation in the end stage of failing hearts | 78 |
| Mouse model | Overexpression of the L‐type Ca2+ channel and Ca2+ overload | Enhanced sarcolemmal L‐type Ca2+ channel (LTCC) activity showed massive myocyte necrosis | 80 |
| Mouse model | 20, 25, 30 min of global ischaemia | Contribution of necrosis to infarct size significantly greater than that of apoptosis | 72 |
| Mouse model | CYPD or RIP3 knockout | Markedly decreases infarct size during ischaemia/reperfusion in vivo | 50,61 |
| Mouse model | Nec‐1 treatment 24 h after induction of ischaemia | Reduction in infarct size | 9,84 |