Figure 5.

AMPK/mTOR/HIF‐1α pathway is involved in qiliqiangxin (QL)‐mediated HIF‐1α‐dependent glycolysis. (A) Cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) were incubated with or without QL under hypoxia for 12 h, and QL decreased AMPK phosphorylation (n = 4/group). CMECs were incubated with or without QL and AICAR (1 mmol/L, AMPK activator) under hypoxia. (B) Protein expression of glycolysis key enzymes GLUT1 and PKM2 were determined by Western blot (n = 4/group). (C) HIF‐1α mRNA expression was measured by qRT‐PCR (n = 4/group). (D) After 12 h of hypoxia, ATP production was measured (n = 4/group). Data were expressed as means ± SD.*P < .05; **P < .01