Figure 5.

THP and metformin synergistically inhibited bladder cancer growth in vitro. A, THP and metformin synergistically inhibited bladder cancer growth determined by MTT. Below: combination index (CI) among the combinations of 2 drugs was calculated using CompuSyn software. If CI = 1, it denotes additives; if CI >1, it denotes antagonism; if CI <1, it denotes synergism. CI values in the vast majority of combinations were less than 1, indicating synergism. Results are presented as the median of 5 independent experiments. B, T24 and UMUC3 were treated by Met(1 mmol L⁻¹) and THP (20 nmol L⁻¹ in UMUC3 and 10 mmol L⁻¹ in T24) alone or combination; cell numbers were measured by colony formation assay after 7 days incubation. C, Met (10 mmol L⁻¹) and THP (160 nmol L⁻¹) alone or combination treated T24 and UMUC3 to indicate cell apoptosis via immunofluorescence experiments. Results are presented as the median of 5 independent experiments (*P < .05, ^# P < .01)