Table 1.
Baseline sample characteristics of 136 youth with type 1 diabetes participating in a behavioral nutrition efficacy trial, stratified by baseline pickiness.
| Picky (N=57) | Non-picky (N=79) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment (N=31) |
Control (N=26) |
Pa | Treatment (N=35) |
Control (N=44) |
Pa | |
| Mean±SD or N (%) |
Mean±SD or N (%) |
Mean±SD or N (%) |
Mean±SD or N (%) |
|||
| Demographics | ||||||
| Youth age (years) | 12.17±2.69 | 12.99±2.39 | 0.2 | 12.76±2.65 | 12.96±2.55 | 0.7 |
| Youth sex | 0.9 | 0.2 | ||||
| Male | 16(51.61) | 14(53.85) | 19(54.29) | 17(38.64) | ||
| Female | 15(48.39) | 12(46.15) | 16(45.71) | 27(61.36) | ||
| Youth race/ethnicity | 0.9 | 0.1 | ||||
| White, non-Hispanic | 28(90.32) | 24(90.32) | 30(85.71) | 41(93.18) | ||
| Hispanic | 1(3.23) | 1(1.75) | 1(2.86) | 2(4.55) | ||
| Black, non-Hispanic | 2(6.45) | 1(1.75) | 4(11.43) | 0(0) | ||
| Multi-racial | 0(0) | 0(0) | 0(0) | 1(2.27) | ||
| Highest parent education levelb | 0.4 | 0.8 | ||||
| High school or equivalent | 1(1.75) | 2(7.69) | 3(8.57) | 2(4.55) | ||
| Junior college, technical or some college | 5(16.13) | 7(26.92) | 6(17.14) | 9(20.45) | ||
| College degree | 9(29.03) | 9(34.62) | 11(31.43) | 17(38.64) | ||
| Graduate education | 16(51.61) | 8(30.77) | 15(42.86) | 16(36.36) | ||
| Family income to poverty ratioc | 5.39±3.10 | 4.21±2.92 | 0.2 | 5.64±3.34 | 5.28±3.03 | 0.6 |
| Diabetes characteristics | ||||||
| Duration of diabetes (years) | 5.88±2.71 | 6.50 ±3.58 | 0.5 | 5.27±2.38 | 6.23±3.61 | 0.2 |
| Insulin regimen | 0.7 | 0.8 | ||||
| Injection only | 7(22.58) | 7(26.92) | 13(37.14) | 15(34.09) | ||
| Pump | 24(77.42) | 19(73.08) | 22(62.86) | 29(65.91) | ||
| Frequency of blood glucose monitoring (times/day) | 5.71±2.32 | 5±2.5 | 0.3 | 5.83±2.43 | 5.89±2.39 | 0.9 |
| Hemoglobin A1c (%) | 8.13±0.86 | 8.22±086 | 0.7 | 8.09±1.31 | 8.03±1.07 | 0.8 |
| Diet characteristics | ||||||
| Dietary pickiness | 3.27±0.75 | 3.49±0.89 | 0.4 | 1.38±0.44 | 1.39±0.43 | 0.9 |
| Dietary varietyc | 5.8±2.16 | 5.26±2.56 | 0.4 | 7.41±1.83 | 7.73±1.66 | 0.4 |
| Healthy eating index 2005d | 52.86±13.3 | 50.1±16 | 0.5 | 60.46±15.05 | 60.66±15.67 | 0.9 |
| Whole plant food densitye | 1.62±0.94 | 1.48±0.86 | 0.6 | 2.1±1.15 | 2.13±1.12 | 0.9 |
Comparisons between intervention and control groups using independent t-tests for continuous variables or chi-square for categorical variables.
Missing data from 1 participant on highest parent education and from 2 participants on family income.
Represents the number of food groups consumed from 20 pre-specified healthful food groups.
Represents Healthy Eating Index-2005 total score; measures conformance to 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (min=0, max=100, higher scores indicate closer conformance).
Continuous measure representing the total number of cup or ounce equivalents per 1000 kcal consumed of whole grains, fruit, vegetables, legumes, nuts and seeds.
Adapted with permission from: Nansel TR, Laffel L, Haynie D, Mehta S, Lipsky L, Volkening L, Butler D, Higgins L, Liu A. Improving dietary quality in youth with type 1 diabetes: randomized clinical trial of a family-based behavioral intervention. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 2015; 12:58.