. 2018 Apr 19;13(4):e0195724. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195724

Table 1. Clinical characteristics, lung function, cardiovascular and laboratory measurements.

	Nonsmokers (n = 27)	Current smokers (n = 20)	COPD patients (n = 61)
Age, years	56 ± 8	54 ± 8	63 ± 7^*^#
Male gender, n(%)	12 (44)	9 (45)	51 (84)^*^#
BMI, Kg/m²	27 ± 3	27 ± 5	27 ± 4
Current smokers, n(%)	0 (0)	20 (100)^*	16 (26)^*^#
Former smokers, n(%)	0 (0)	0 (0)	45 (74)^*^#
Smoking history, pack-years	0	30 ± 24^*	64 ± 28^*^#
Framingham risk score ^‡	5 ± 5	7 ± 6	11 ± 6^*^#
Spirometric GOLD stage 1/2/3/4, n(%)	n/a	n/a	3(5)/17(28)/18(29)/23(38)
FEV_1, % predicted	107 ± 12	103 ± 10	44 ± 19^*^#
FVC_, % predicted	106 ± 11	104 ± 12	79 ± 19^*^#
FEV₁/FVC	0.78 ± 0.05	0.77 ± 0.05	0.41 ± 0.14^*^#
TLC, % predicted	105 ± 8	106 ± 9	115 ± 20^*^#
RV, % predicted	108 ± 18	110 ± 23	184 ± 58^*^#
DLco_, % predicted	92 ± 15	85 ± 9	53 ± 20 ^*^#
PaO_2, mmHg	n/a	n/a	70 ± 11
PaCO₂, mmHg	n/a	n/a	44 ± 8
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg	124 ± 18	123 ± 16	131 ± 20
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg	75 ± 9	73 ± 8	76 ± 11
Total Cholesterol, mg/dL	205 ± 26	218 ± 39	195 ± 34^#
HDL, mg/dL	57 ± 14	68 ± 15^*	58 ± 18
LDL, mg/dL	129 ± 22	132 ± 32	113 ± 30^*^#
Mellitus diabetes, n (%)	1 (4)	0 (0)	7 (11) ^*^#
Lymphomonocytes, x10⁵events	8.8 ± 1.4	9.2 ± 2.5	8.4 ± 2.5

Data are shown as mean± SD.

COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; BMI: body mass index, GOLD: global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease, FEV₁: forced expiratory volume in the first second; FVC: forced vital capacity; TLC: total lung capacity; RV: residual volume; DLco: diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide; PaO₂: arterial partial oxygen pressure; PaCO₂: arterial partial carbon dioxide pressure; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein and NA: not applicable.

‡The Framingham risk score can range from -6 to 19, with higher scores indicating greater cardiovascular risk.

* p< 0.05 compared with control nonsmokers;

^# p< 0.05 compared with current smokers.