Table 1.
Baseline and clinical characteristics of study participants overall and according to region1
| Overall
|
Asian cohorts
|
Australian cohort
|
European cohorts
|
USA cohorts
|
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Controls (n=5364) |
Cases (n=5364) |
Controls (n=1775) |
Cases (n=1775) |
Controls (n=354) |
Cases (n=354) |
Controls (n=835) |
Cases (n=835) |
Controls (n=2400) |
Cases (n=2400) |
|
| Characteristics | ||||||||||
| Age2 (years) | 62 (47–75) | 62 (47–75) | 62 (46–74) | 62 (46–74) | 61 (45–67) | 61 (45–67) | 60 (45–71) | 60 (45–71) | 64 (48–78) | 64 (48–78) |
| Sex | ||||||||||
| Men | 2908 (54%) | 2908 (54%) | 1229 (69%) | 1229 (69%) | 213 (60%) | 213 (60%) | 475 (57%) | 475 (57%) | 991 (41%) | 991 (41%) |
| Women | 2456 (46%) | 2456 (46%) | 546 (31%) | 546 (31%) | 141 (40%) | 141 (40%) | 360 (43%) | 360 (43%) | 1409 (59%) | 1409 (59%) |
| Smoker | ||||||||||
| Never | 1327 (25%) | 1327 (25%) | 602 (34%) | 602 (34%) | 49 (14%) | 49 (14%) | 107 (13%) | 107 (13%) | 569 (24%) | 569 (24%) |
| Former | 1518 (28%) | 1518 (28%) | 176 (10%) | 176 (10%) | 145 (41%) | 145 (41%) | 190 (23%) | 190 (23%) | 1007 (42%) | 1007 (42%) |
| Current | 2519 (47%) | 2519 (47%) | 997 (56%) | 997 (56%) | 160 (45%) | 160 (45%) | 538 (64%) | 538 (64%) | 824 (34%) | 824 (34%) |
| Biomarkers | ||||||||||
| HK:XA | 2.98 (1.39–7.70) | 3.13 (1.44–8.49) | 3.01 (1.52–7.09) | 3.10 (1.58–7.98) | 2.88 (1.45–6.68) | 3.00 (1.34–7.55) | 3.08 (1.58–7.08) | 3.28(1.64–9.13) | 2.93 (1.27–8.24) | 3.13 (1.29–8.98) |
| HK (nmol/L) | 36.6 (20.3–70.6) | 37.1 (20.1–74.5) | 38.7 (21.9–81.6) | 39.6 (22.4 –85.4) | 36.0 (22.1–65.8) | 37.8 (21.3–69.3) | 37.2 (21.6–63.9) | 38.3 (23.1–67.2) | 34.8 (18.9–65.2) | 34.7 (18.2–66.2) |
| XA (nmol/L) | 12.4 (4.6–29.1) | 11.9 (4.3–28.7) | 13.5 (5.4–29.9) | 13.0 (5.1 –29.2) | 12.4 (4.9–26.5) | 12.9 (5.2–29.4) | 11.9 (5.1–26.5) | 11.4 (4.5–27.1) | 11.8 (4.2–29.4) | 11.1 (3.9–29.1) |
| PLP (nmol/L) | 37.1 (13.9–197) | 35.1 (12.5–204) | 30.8 (12.3–118) | 28.9 (11.0–114) | 31.3 (14.3–110) | 31.3 (14.2–207) | 30.9 (13.1–101) | 28.1 (12.5–104) | 49.9 (16.4–271) | 47.6 (15.2–266) |
| Clinical characteristics | ||||||||||
| Age at diagnosis (years) | 69.8 (53.6–82.0) | 69 (52–80) | 70 (56–78) | 68 (53–81) | 70 (55–83) | |||||
| Time to diagnosis3 (years) | 6.3 (1.0–16.0) | 5.8 (0.7–16.5) | 9.7 (1.3–16.2) | 10.0 (1.8–16.1) | 5.2 (1–15.5) | |||||
| Histology | ||||||||||
| Large cell carcinoma | 174 (3%) | 16 (1%) | 31 (9%) | 15 (2%) | 112 (5%) | |||||
| Small cell carcinoma | 492 (9%) | 99 (6%) | 47 (13%) | 103 (12%) | 245 (10%) | |||||
| Squamous cell carcinoma | 836 (16%) | 319 (18%) | 67 (19%) | 162 (19%) | 291 (12%) | |||||
| Adenocarcinoma | 2056 (39%) | 615 (35%) | 153 (43%) | 260 (31%) | 1034 (43%) | |||||
| Missing/Unknown | 1806 (34%) | 726 (41%) | 56 (16%) | 295 (19%) | 735 (31%) | |||||
1
Characteristics are presented as n (%) for discrete variables and median (5th, 95th percentile) for continuous variables
2
At blood collection
3
Time from blood draw to diagnosis
HK:XA, 3-hydroxykynurenine:xanthurenic acid; PLP, pyridoxal 5′-phosphate