Fig. 1.

Schematic of the modeling pipeline for biophysical simulations of LBBB and CRT response. Patient data and prior knowledge can be used to create and parameterize the anatomical, electrophysiology, biomechanical, circulatory, or growth models of the heart. The model outputs can be used to infer and integrate information regarding the diseased heart, generate hypotheses, and predict responses to LBBB and CRT. Current state-of-the-art models do not encompass this entire theoretical framework, but rather only aspects of it depending on the availability of data, computational resources, and clinical question of interest