Table 1. Deep breathing pattern classification and participants’ assessment of the effectiveness of two kinds of breathing instructions.

Instruction	Men				Women
	Upper costal	Mixed	Diaphragmatic	Easier breathing	Upper costal	Mixed	Diaphragmatic	Easier breathing
Non-specific	8	7	0	10	7	6	2	13
Diaphragmatic	1	7	7	5	1	8	6	2

Participants’ breathing patterns during deep breathing were classified as upper costal, diaphragmatic, or mixed. Following the completion of the deep breathing maneuvers, participants identified which of the two deep breathing techniques they found to be more comfortable.