Table 2. Comparison of the two instructions for deep breathing in men.
| NB | DB | 2-way ANOVAs | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Natural | Deep breathing | Natural | Deep breathing | Significant effects | |
| Vo2 (ml/min) | 297 ± 30 | 269 ± 23* | 272 ± 35‡ | 278 ± 35 | Phase†; Interaction†† |
| Vco2 (ml/min) | 250 ± 44 | 298 ± 62 | 211 ± 44 | 313 ± 68 | Phase†† |
| VE (l/min) | 9.3 ± 1.5 | 9.5 ± 3.2 | 8.2 ± 1.6 | 10.3 ± 3.4 | |
| VE/Vco2 | 37.9 ± 4.2 | 32.4 ± 4.6 | 39.9 ± 5.6 | 33.2 ± 5.2 | Phase†† |
| f (/min) | 15.2 ± 2.6 | 6.7 ± 1.9 | 14.9 ± 3.4 | 7.1 ± 1.7 | Phase†† |
| VT (/ml) | 633 ± 116 | 1545 ± 421 | 576 ± 117 | 1607 ± 461 | Phase†† |
| Te (s) | 2.44 ± 0.50 | 5.57 ± 1.94 | 2.53 ± 0.71 | 5.09 ± 1.63 | Phase†† |
| Ti (s) | 1.75 ± 0.42 | 4.69 ± 1.25 | 1.88 ± 0.71 | 4.89 ± 1.66 | Phase†† |
| HR (bpm) | 69.1 ± 8.6 | 70.1 ± 7.8 | 69.2 ± 8.5 | 70.6 ± 8.7 | |
| LF/HF | 1.20 ± 0.77 | 0.26 ± 0.16 | 1.75 ± 1.32 | 0.29 ± 0.14 | Phase†† |
NB: Non-specific breathing pattern; DB: Diaphragmatic breathing pattern; Vo2: oxygen uptake; Vco2: carbon dioxide output; VE: minute ventilation; f: respiratory rate; VT: tidal volume; Te: expiratory time; Ti:, inspiratory time; HR: heart rate; LF/HF: Low Frequency/High Frequency ratio; †p<0.05; ††p<0.01; *p<0.05 (Natural vs. Deep breathing during NB); ‡p<0.05 (NB vs. DB during Natural breathing).