Table 1.
Classical clinical, serological, and histological predictors of lymphoma development in primary Sjögren’s syndrome.
| Predictive factors | References cited in the manuscript |
|---|---|
| Clinical | |
| Persistent enlargement of salivary glands | (19–21, 49, 57) |
| Lymphadenopathy | (19–21, 49, 57) |
| Symptomatic cryoglobulinemic vasculitis | (3, 50–52) |
| Peripheral neuropathy | (40, 41) |
| Glomerulonephritis | (40, 41) |
| Raynaud’s phenomenon | (57) |
| Stable moderate/high-disease activity, calculated with ESSDAI or clinESSDAI | (15, 16) |
| Concurrent chronic infections (Hepatitis C virus, Helicobacter pylori, Campylobacter jejuni, Borrelia burgdoferi, Chlamydophila psittaci) | (23–26) |
| Serological | |
| Leukopenia | (50) |
| Low C4 | (50, 57) |
| Monoclonal gammopathy | (40, 41, 54, 57) |
| Cryoglobulinemia | (50, 51) |
| Autoantibody positivity (anti-SSA/Ro, anti-SSB/La, rheumatoid factor) | (50, 57) |
| Histological | |
| High focus score values | (32–34) |
| Presence of germinal centers | (31, 35, 36) |