Table 2. The graphic elements of the DDS and depression.
| Variables | Normal group (PHQ-9 ≤ 9) n = 42 (65.6%) | Depressed group (PHQ-9 > 9) n = 22 (34.4%) | Full sample n = 64 (100%) | χ2 test | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDS: enclosure | ||||||
| Free drawing | No | 19 (45.2) | 13 (59.1) | 32 (50.0) | χ2 = 9.958a | |
| Yes | 23 (54.8) | 9 (40.9) | 32 (50.0) | df = 1, P = 0.430 | ||
| Tree drawing | No | 29 (69.0) | 17 (77.3) | 46 (71.9) | χ2 = 0.483a | |
| Yes | 13 (31.0) | 5 (22.7) | 18 (28.1) | df = 1, P = 0.560 | ||
| Feeling drawing | No | 25 (59.5) | 4 (18.2) | 33 (51.6) | χ2 = 9.958a | |
| Yes | 17 (40.5) | 18 (81.8) | 31 (48.4) | df = 1, P = 0.002c | ||
| DDS: tilt | ||||||
| Free drawing | No | 18 (42.9) | 15 (68.2) | 33 (51.6) | χ2 = 3.707a | |
| Yes | 24 (57.1) | 7 (31.8) | 31 (48.4) | df = 1, P = 0.048b | ||
| Tree drawing | No | 35 (83.3) | 17 (77.3) | 52 (81.3) | χ2 = 0.348a | |
| Yes | 7 (16.7) | 5 (22.7) | 12 (18.8) | df = 1, P = 0.536 | ||
| Feeling drawing | No | 33 (78.6) | 19 (86.4) | 52 (81.3) | χ2 = 0.575a | |
| Yes | 9 (21.4) | 3 (13.6) | 12 (18.8) | df = 1, P = 0.345 | ||
Values are presented as number (%). It is statically insignificant between depression and other graphic elements of the DDS such as color, idiosyncratic color, blending, elements, line length, integration, tree, depiction, edges, image, pressure, movement, space usage, unusual placement, ground line, people, animals, objects, symbols, writing, and landscape.
DDS = Diagnostic Drawing Series, PHQ-9 = Patient Health Questionnaire-9, df = degrees of freedom
a0 cells (0%) have expected count less than 5; b P < 0.05; c P < 0.005.