Table 4. The graphic elements of the DDS and emotional state.
| Variables | Normal group (PHQ-9 ≤ 9 and GAD-7 ≤ 5) n = 20 (31.3) | Unstable group (PHQ-9 > 9 or GAD-7 > 5) n = 44 (68.8) | Full sample n = 64 (100) | χ2 test | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDS: space usage | ||||||
| Free drawing | > 66% | 7 (35.0) | 11 (25.0) | 18 (28.1) | χ2 = 0.680a | |
| < 67% | 13 (65.0) | 33 (75.0) | 46 (71.9) | df = 1, P = 0.550 | ||
| Tree drawing | > 66% | 13 (65.0) | 10 (22.7) | 23 (35.9) | χ2 = 10.673a | |
| < 67% | 7 (35.0) | 34 (77.3) | 41 (64.1) | df = 1, P = 0.002c | ||
| Feeling drawing | > 66% | 10 (50.0) | 19 (43.2) | 29 (45.3) | χ2 = 2.58a | |
| < 67% | 10 (50.0) | 25 (56.8) | 35 (54.7) | df = 1, P = 0.787 | ||
| DDS: landscape | ||||||
| Free drawing | No | 16 (80.0) | 38 (86.4) | 54 (84.4) | χ2 = 0.422a | |
| Yes | 4 (20.0) | 6 (13.6) | 10 (15.6) | df = 1, P = 0.712 | ||
| Tree drawing | No | 13 (65.0) | 26 (59.1) | 39 (60.9) | χ2 = 0.202a | |
| Yes | 7 (35.0) | 18 (40.9) | 25 (39.1) | df = 1, P = 1.000 | ||
| Feeling drawing | No | 10 (50.0) | 11 (25.0) | 21 (32.8) | χ2 = 3.898a | |
| Yes | 10 (50.0) | 33 (75.0) | 43 (67.2) | df = 1, P = 0.042b | ||
Values are presented as number (%). It is statically insignificant between emotional state and other graphic elements of the DDS such as color, idiosyncratic color, blending, elements, line length, integration, tree, depiction, edges, image, enclosure, pressure, movement, tilt, unusual placement, ground line, people, animals, objects, symbols, and writing.
DDS = Diagnostic Drawing Series, PHQ-9 = Patient Health Questionnaire-9, GAD-7 = Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, df = degrees of freedom.
a0 cells (0%) have expected count less than 5; b P < 0.05, c P < 0.005.