Table 2. Analysis of characteristics and outcomes for patients after ACSS.

Variables		Group 1 (extubation within 24 hr without complications) (n = 389)	Group 2 (prolonged intubation [≥ 24 hr] or reintubation) (n = 11)	P value
Age, yr		53.34 ± 11.55	62.00 ± 11.89	0.015
Sex, female (%)		146 (37.53)	7 (63.63)	0.114
BMI, kg/m2		24.72 ± 3.13	24.63 ± 5.22	0.954
Current smoking history		166 (42.67)	3 (27.27)	0.369
Anterior neck surgery history		14 (3.60)	0	1.000
Asthma		2 (0.51)	1 (9.09)	0.080
Hypertension		116 (29.82)	5 (45.45)	0.319
Diabetes mellitus		56 (14.40)	6 (54.55)	0.003
Congestive heart failure or ischemic heart disease		19 (4.88)	0	1.000
Chronic renal failure		4 (1.03)	1 (9.09)	0.131
Liver cirrhosis		1 (0.26)	0	0
Operative indication (diagnosis)				0.117
	Degenerative	336 (86.38)	8 (72.72)
	OPLL	31 (7.97)	1 (9.09)
	Tumor	14 (3.60)	1 (9.09)
	Deformity	4 (1.03)	0
	Infection	4 (1.03)	1 (9.09)
Operative techniques				0.301
	ACDF	233 (59.90)	7 (63.64)
	ACCF	77 (19.79)	4 (36.36)
	TDR	73 (18.77)	0
	Others	6 (1.54)	0
Combined anterior and posterior approach		10 (2.57)	0	1.000
Operative time (≥ 5 hr)		75 (19.28)	5 (45.45)	0.048
Intraoperative cervical level fused (≥ 2 levels)		186 (47.81)	6 (54.55)	0.764
Operation level above C3–C4		45 (11.57)	3 (27.27)	0.134
Intraoperative transfusion		6 (1.54)	0	1.000
EBL (≥ 300 mL)		27 (6.94)	3 (27.27)	0.042

Data shown are number (%) not otherwise specified and plus-minus values are means ± standard deviation.

ACSS = anterior cervical spine surgery, BMI = body mass index, OPLL = ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament, ACDF = anterior cervical discectomy and fusion, ACCF = anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion, TDR = total disc replacement, EBL = estimated blood loss.