FIG. 2.
Pulmonary vasculature in rhesus macaques infected with SHIVnef chimeric virions and parental SIVmac239. Paraffin-embedded sections from the lungs of rhesus macaques infected with SHIVnefSF33A (NEPRC, A), SHIVnefSF33A2 (CNPRC, B), or SIVmac239 (C) were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and examined for vascular pathologies by two independent pathologists. SHIVnef-infected monkeys in the NEPRC cohort showed evidence of mild pulmonary vascular pathology (mostly adventitial but no medial thickening) with inflammation (A). In contrast, the CNPRC animals presented evidence of pulmonary vascular remodeling (B). Note that CNPRC 4 showed major remodeling, recanalized obstructive lesion at 37 WPI. In addition, we examined H&E-stained lung sections of two adult rhesus macaques, aged 11 and 14 years, infected with the parental SIVmac239 for 78–81 weeks (elite controllers). Despite their advanced age relative to our juvenile monkeys, these animals exhibited mild pulmonary vascular pathology (C). Magnifications are shown for each image.