Table 3.
Comparison of HRQoL between patients and general population
| Baseline | 6 months f-up | 12 months f-up | 18 months f-up | 24 months f-up | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EQ-VAS | Regr. coef. | 95% CI | P | Regr. coef. | 95% CI | P | Regr. coef. | 95% CI | P | Regr. coef. | 95% CI | P | Regr. coef. | 95% CI | P |
| Age (years) | −0.337 | − 0.361,-0.313 | < 0.0001 | − 0.336 | − 0.361,-0.312 | < 0.0001 | − 0.337 | − 0.361,-0.312 | < 0.0001 | − 0.337 | − 0.362,-0.313 | < 0.0001 | − 0.337 | − 0.361,-0.312 | < 0.0001 |
| Sex: Male (reference) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Female | −1.714 | −2.528,-0.901 | < 0.0001 | − 1.699 | − 2.513,-0.885 | < 0.0001 | − 1.664 | − 2.478,-0.849 | < 0.0001 | − 1.620 | −2.436,-0.805 | < 0.0001 | −1.639 | − 2.454,-0.825 | < 0.0001 |
| Subjects: General population (ref.) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Patients | −37.392 | −41.356,-33.428 | < 0.0001 | −18.337 | −22.266,-14.408 | < 0.0001 | −20.694 | − 24.626,-16.762 | < 0.0001 | − 17.054 | − 21.017,-13.090 | < 0.0001 | − 17.568 | −21.528,-13.608 | < 0.0001 |
| Education: none (reference) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Primary/Middle school | 3.693 | −2.621,10.007 | 0.252 | 4.358 | −1.879,10.595 | 0.171 | 2.026 | −4.215,8.267 | 0.525 | 2.774 | −3.478,9.025 | 0.384 | 4.411 | −1.835,10.657 | 0.166 |
| Upper school/University | 7.788 | 1.495,14.080 | 0.015 | 8.407 | 2.191,14.623 | 0.008 | 6.111 | −0.109,12.332 | 0.054 | 6.792 | 0.561,13.023 | 0.033 | 8.440 | 2.215,14.665 | 0.008 |
| Intercept | 91.777 | 85.257,98.297 | < 0.0001 | 91.080 | 84.635,97.525 | < 0.0001 | 93.354 | 86.904,99.803 | < 0.0001 | 92.620 | 86.159,99.081 | < 0.0001 | 90.985 | 84.529,97.440 | < 0.0001 |
| EQ-Utility | Regr. coef. | 95% CI | P | Regr. coef. | 95% CI | P | Regr. coef. | 95% CI | P | Regr. coef. | 95% CI | P | Regr. coef. | 95% CI | P |
| Age (years) | −0.003 | −0.003,−0.003 | < 0.0001 | − 0.003 | − 0.003,− 0.003 | < 0.0001 | −0.003 | − 0.003,− 0.003 | < 0.0001 | −0.003 | -0.003,-0.003 | < 0.0001 | -0.003 | -0.003,-0.003 | < 0.0001 |
| Sex: Male (reference) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Female | −0.052 | − 0.060,-0.044 | < 0.0001 | − 0.052 | − 0.060,-0.044 | < 0.0001 | − 0.052 | −0.060,-0.043 | < 0.0001 | − 0.051 | − 0.060-0.043 | < 0.0001 | − 0.052 | −0.060-0.044 | < 0.0001 |
| Subjects: general population (ref.) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Patients | −0.506 | −0.545,-0.467 | < 0.0001 | − 0.306 | − 0.345,-0.267 | < 0.0001 | − 0.294 | −0.333,-0.254 | < 0.0001 | − 0.255 | − 0.294,-0.216 | < 0.0001 | − 0.268 | −0.307,-0.229 | < 0.0001 |
| Education: none (reference) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Primary/Middle school | 0.005 | −0.059,0.069 | 0.879 | −0.055 | −0.119,0.009 | 0.093 | −0.089 | − 0.154,-0.024 | 0.007 | − 0.070 | −0.134,-0.005 | 0.034 | −0.060 | − 0.125,0.004 | 0.065 |
| Upper school/University | 0.035 | −0.029,0.098 | 0.284 | −0.028 | −0.092,0.037 | 0.401 | −0.062 | − 0.127,0.003 | 0.062 | − 0.042 | − 0.106,0.022 | 0.200 | −0.033 | − 0.097,0.031 | 0.312 |
| Intercept | 1.179 | 1.113,1.245 | < 0.0001 | 1.241 | 1.174,1.308 | < 0.0001 | 1.275 | 1.207,1.342 | < 0.0001 | 1.253 | 1.186,1.320 | < 0.0001 | 1.246 | 1.179,1.312 | < 0.0001 |
Note: the column on the left lists the independent variables introduced in the regression models for the VAS and for the EQ-Utility index. The other columns show the regression coefficients, the 95% confidence intervals and the p values estimated for each independent variable analysed with the dependent variables EQ-VAS or EQ-utility index. Positive regression coefficients indicate a direct association and negative regression coefficients indicate an inverse association between the dependent variables and the independent variables. 95% Confidence intervals and p values indicate the level of significance of the regression coefficients