Table 2. The effect of solvent ^a .

Entry	Solvent	3aa		Recovery of 1a b (%)
		Yield b (%)	ee c (%)
1 d	CH3CHCl2	60	64	30
2 e	CH3CCl3	24	67	64
3 d	THF	6	n.d. f	94
4	DME	80	10	3
5	MTBE	59	52	—
6	Dioxane	54	46	34
7	PhCH3	68	79	5
8	o-Xylene	69	87	25
9	m-Xylene	66	88	27
10	p-Xylene	71	87	24
11 g	Benzene	69	85	27
12 h	Benzene	83 i	94	—

^aUnless indicated otherwise, the experiments were performed with 1a (0.2 mmol), 2a (0.24 mmol), Pd₂(dba)₃·CHCl₃ (0.005 mmol), L10 (0.015 mmol), and Cs₂CO₃ (0.4 mmol) in solvent (2 mL) for 23 h at 80 °C under Ar atmosphere.

^bThe yield and recovery were determined by ¹H NMR analysis using 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene as the internal standard.

^cThe ee values were determined by HPLC analysis.

^dThe reaction was conducted at 70 °C.

^eReaction time: 22.5 h.

^fn.d. = not determined.

^gReaction time: 21 h.

^hThe reaction was conducted with 1a (0.5 mmol), 2a (1.0 mmol), Pd₂(dba)₃·CHCl₃ (0.0125 mmol), L10 (0.0375 mmol), and Cs₂CO₃ (1.0 mmol) in benzene (6 mL) for 0.5 h at rt, then 39 h at 90 °C under Ar atmosphere.

ⁱIsolated yield.