Fig. 4. X1 increases generation of reactive oxygen species in Huh7 cells.
Huh7 cells were loaded with cm-H2DCFDA or MitoSOX Red, as described in Materials and Methods, and exposed to 10 µM X1 or vehicle. In A, note a marked increase of cm-H2DCF fluorescence after 30 min exposure to X1 that was blocked by pretreating cells with 5 µM MitoQ. Similarly in B, MitoSOX Red fluorescence increased markedly after X1 compared to vehicle. Plots of average fluorescence changes after these additions are shown in C and D. *, p<0.05 compared to vehicle and MitoQ; n=3.