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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Apr 20.
Published in final edited form as: Lancet Neurol. 2015 Apr;14(4):388–405. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(15)70016-5

Figure 1. Pathomechanistic sequale of immune activation.

Figure 1

Physiological functions of microglia including tissue surveillance and synaptic remodelling are compromized when microglia sense pathological Aβ accumulations. Initially the acute inflammatory response is thought to aid the clearance and to restore tissue homeostasis. Triggering factors and aggravators promote the sustained exposure and immune activation which ultimately leads to chronic neuroinflammation. The perpetuation of microglial activation, persistent exposure to proinflammatory cytokines and process retraction, causes functional and structural changes which finally end in neuronal degeneration.