Table 1.
Distribution of sociodemographic characteristics and cardiovascular disease risk factors among the HAPIEE cohort at the baseline, 45–69 aged, Czechia, 2002–2005
| HAPIEE cohort | Died in HAPIEE cohort due to CVD* | The rest of HAPIEE cohort | P value for the difference between died due to CVD and the rest of the HAPIEE cohort† | |||||
| n (8449) | % | n (494) | % | n (7955) | % | |||
| Sociodemographic factors | ||||||||
| Average age (in years) | 58.3 | 63.4 | 58.0 | <0.001 | ||||
| Self-reported history of CVD (ischaemic heart disease or stroke) | No | 7331 | 86.8 | 309 | 62.6 | 7022 | 88.3 | <0.001 |
| Yes | 1118 | 13.2 | 185 | 37.4 | 933 | 11.7 | ||
| Sex | Male | 3955 | 46.8 | 314 | 63.6 | 3641 | 45.8 | <0.001 |
| Female | 4494 | 53.2 | 180 | 36.4 | 4314 | 54.2 | ||
| Education | Primary | 1060 | 12.5 | 105 | 21.3 | 955 | 12.0 | <0.001 |
| Vocational | 3135 | 37.1 | 205 | 41.5 | 2930 | 36.8 | ||
| Secondary | 3061 | 36.2 | 143 | 28.9 | 2918 | 36.7 | ||
| University | 1150 | 13.6 | 34 | 6.9 | 1116 | 14.0 | ||
| n. a.‡ | 43 | 0.5 | 7 | 1.4 | 36 | 0.5 | ||
| Marital status | Married/cohabiting | 6366 | 75.3 | 334 | 67.6 | 1892 | 23.8 | <0.001 |
| Single/divorced/widowed | 2047 | 24.2 | 155 | 31.4 | 6032 | 75.8 | ||
| n. a.‡ | 36 | 0.4 | 5 | 1.0 | 31 | 0.4 | ||
| Metabolic and lifestyle factors | ||||||||
| Smoking habits | Smoker | 2194 | 26.0 | 143 | 28.9 | 2051 | 25.8 | <0.001 |
| Ex-smoker | 2472 | 29.3 | 179 | 36.2 | 2293 | 28.8 | ||
| Non-smoker | 3673 | 43.5 | 163 | 33.0 | 3510 | 44.1 | ||
| n. a.‡ | 110 | 1.3 | 9 | 1.8 | 101 | 1.3 | ||
| Obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) | Yes | 2188 | 25.9 | 171 | 34.6 | 2017 | 25.4 | <0.001 |
| No | 4941 | 58.5 | 198 | 40.1 | 4743 | 59.6 | ||
| n. a.‡ | 1320 | 15.6 | 125 | 25.3 | 1195 | 15.0 | ||
| High blood pressure (BP ≥140/90 mm Hg) | Yes | 3874 | 45.9 | 274 | 55.5 | 3600 | 45.3 | <0.001 |
| No | 3241 | 38.4 | 91 | 18.4 | 3150 | 39.6 | ||
| n. a.‡ | 1334 | 15.8 | 129 | 26.1 | 1205 | 15.1 | ||
| Blood cholesterol level (TC in mmol/L) | Low risk (TC <5.0) | 1554 | 18.4 | 94 | 19.0 | 1460 | 18.4 | <0.001 |
| Increased risk (TC 5.0–6.2) |
2946 | 34.9 | 144 | 29.1 | 2802 | 35.2 | ||
| High risk (TC >6.2) | 1996 | 23.6 | 99 | 20.0 | 1897 | 23.8 | ||
| n. a.‡ | 1953 | 23.1 | 157 | 31.8 | 1796 | 22.6 | ||
| Diabetes | Yes | 997 | 11.8 | 146 | 29.6 | 851 | 10.7 | <0.001 |
| No | 7426 | 87.9 | 344 | 69.6 | 7082 | 89.0 | ||
| n. a.‡ | 26 | 0.3 | 4 | 0.8 | 22 | 0.3 | ||
| Physical activity (in hours per week) | None (0) | 2514 | 29.8 | 215 | 43.5 | 2299 | 28.9 | <0.001 |
| Insufficient (1–3) | 2168 | 25.7 | 93 | 18.8 | 2075 | 26.1 | ||
| Sufficient (4+) | 3491 | 41.3 | 152 | 30.8 | 3339 | 42.0 | ||
| n. a.‡ | 276 | 3.3 | 34 | 6.9 | 242 | 3.0 | ||
| Binge drinking (100 g of pure alcohol during one occasion in a month) | Yes | 806 | 9.5 | 41 | 8.3 | 765 | 9.0 | 0.143 |
| No | 7352 | 87.0 | 429 | 86.7 | 6932 | 87.0 | ||
| n. a.‡ | 291 | 3.4 | 24 | 4.9 | 267 | 3.4 | ||
*Characteristics of respondents who died during the period 2002–2015 due to CVD (ICD-10, dg. I00–I99).
†P value calculated with analysis of variance regression for continuous variable, and comparison of proportions between groups of categorical variable was based on χ2 test.
‡Category n. a. covers also the missing values among the respondents.
BMI, body mass index; CVD, cardiovascular disease; HAPPIE, Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors in Eastern Europe; ICD, International Classification of Diseases; n.a., not available; TC, total cholesterol.