Table 4.

Effect of TMP-SMX prophylaxis on 1-year PCP incidence and related mortality in the whole population (n=1522)

	1-year PCP incidence		1-year PCP-related mortality*
	HR (95% CI)		HR (95% profile likelihood CI)
	Univariable analysis	Multivariable analysis†	Univariable analysis	Multivariable analysis‡
TMP-SMX prophylaxis	0.17 (0.02 to 1.22)	0.06 (0.004 to 0.66)	0.21 (0.002 to 1.61)	0.09 (0.0007 to 0.76)
P value for HR	0.078	0.022	0.165	0.023

*Firth’s panelised maximum likelihood was used due to complete separation of outcome.

†Included age, MPA, initial steroid dose (≥60 mg/day prednisone vs not), concomitant cyclophosphamide pulse and baseline lymphopenia as covariates, and was also adjusted for clustering.

‡Included age, GPA, MPA and concomitant steroid pulse as covariates, and was also adjusted for clustering.

GPA, granulomatosis with polyangiitis; MPA, microscopic polyangiitis; PCP, pneumocystis pneumonia; TMP-SMX, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.