Table 5.
Percentage of total blindness by cause for all ages in (a) 1990, (b) 2010, (c) 2015 and (d) 2020; 80% uncertainty intervals are given in brackets
| GBD region | Uncorrected refractive error | Cataract | Glaucoma | Age-related macular degeneration | Diabetic retinopathy | Corneal disease | Trachoma | Other |
| (a) 1990 | ||||||||
| Asia Pacific, high income | 13.09 (11.36–14.79) | 24.08 (17.94–30.48) | 13.95 (5.82–23.78) | 18.67 (7.23–32.84) | 3.06 (0.70–6.29) | 3.27 (0.32–7.91) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 23.88 (10.33–39.94) |
| Australasia | 13.04 (11.32–14.73) | 24.16 (17.98–30.58) | 13.82 (5.77–23.52) | 19.16 (7.51–33.49) | 2.95 (0.67–6.04) | 3.31 (0.32–8.04) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 23.58 (10.19–39.45) |
| Europe, Central | 12.85 (11.02–14.62) | 28.24 (20.99–36.09) | 13.79 (4.20–27.06) | 18.57 (5.01–36.42) | 2.41 (0.29–5.45) | 4.91 (0.43–11.53) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 19.23 (4.45–38.54) |
| Europe, Eastern | 12.78 (10.99–14.55) | 24.85 (17.95–32.38) | 13.83 (4.13–27.09) | 21.65 (6.45–40.25) | 3.66 (0.46–8.41) | 4.79 (0.38–11.43) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 18.44 (4.29–36.87) |
| Europe, Western | 13.06 (11.34–14.75) | 24.84 (18.52–31.39) | 13.75 (5.75–23.46) | 19.16 (7.58–33.44) | 2.42 (0.53–4.99) | 3.34 (0.32–8.16) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 23.43 (10.10–39.22) |
| North America, high income | 12.99 (11.26–14.67) | 23.40 (17.34–29.72) | 13.55 (5.65–23.08) | 20.56 (8.44–35.20) | 3.14 (0.70–6.46) | 3.36 (0.32–8.24) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 23.01 (9.94–38.47) |
| World | 19.58 (17.29–21.72) | 36.67 (30.11–43.22) | 8.66 (3.25–15.72) | 7.93 (2.32–15.54) | 0.85 (0.15–1.83) | 4.75 (0.80–10.47) | 2.78 (2.78–2.78) | 18.78 (7.12–32.87) |
| (b) 2010 | ||||||||
| Asia Pacific, high income | 13.12 (11.38–14.82) | 21.02 (14.07–28.47) | 13.66 (5.10–24.39) | 17.21 (5.55–32.64) | 3.75 (0.64–8.32) | 2.46 (0.21–5.97) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 28.78 (12.43–48.05) |
| Australasia | 13.09 (11.38–14.78) | 21.24 (14.23–28.74) | 13.61 (5.06–24.34) | 16.67 (5.33–31.69) | 3.72 (0.63–8.25) | 2.47 (0.21–5.95) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 29.20 (12.63–48.73) |
| Europe, Central | 12.98 (11.21–14.72) | 25.76 (17.71–34.45) | 14.26 (3.84–29.40) | 16.63 (3.60–35.30) | 3.02 (0.30–6.98) | 3.70 (0.28–8.24) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 23.65 (5.48–47.36) |
| Europe, Eastern | 12.98 (11.23–14.69) | 22.47 (15.00–30.59) | 14.34 (3.74–29.52) | 19.70 (4.49–40.36) | 4.78 (0.51–11.33) | 3.61 (0.24–8.11) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 22.10 (5.06–44.46) |
| Europe, Western | 13.12 (11.39–14.81) | 21.92 (14.74–29.61) | 13.69 (5.12–24.48) | 16.34 (5.21–31.13) | 3.21 (0.54–7.11) | 2.45 (0.21–5.90) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 29.27 (12.66–48.88) |
| North America, high income | 13.06 (11.32–14.75) | 21.03 (14.06–28.51) | 13.49 (5.00–24.13) | 16.84 (5.39–32.00) | 3.88 (0.66–8.62) | 2.51 (0.21–6.12) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 29.18 (12.64–48.60) |
| World | 20.23 (18.16–22.20) | 35.67 (27.74–43.66) | 8.48 (3.17–15.38) | 6.28 (1.68–12.64) | 0.99 (0.16–2.19) | 3.37 (0.58–7.39) | 1.54 (1.38–1.71) | 23.43 (8.98–40.83) |
| (c) 2015 | ||||||||
| Asia Pacific, high income | 13.13 (11.38–14.82) | 20.32 (12.91–28.40) | 13.51 (4.63–24.78) | 16.66 (4.84–32.72) | 3.87 (0.56–8.93) | 2.38 (0.18–5.85) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 30.13 (13.01–50.24) |
| Australasia | 13.11 (11.39–14.80) | 19.65 (12.47–27.51) | 13.48 (4.60–24.76) | 16.52 (4.77–32.43) | 4.48 (0.67–10.26) | 2.35 (0.18–5.79) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 30.40 (13.17–50.63) |
| Europe, Central | 12.98 (11.21–14.72) | 25.42 (16.84–34.61) | 14.08 (3.53–29.57) | 15.92 (3.10–34.77) | 3.10 (0.27–7.33) | 3.63 (0.24–8.21) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 24.87 (5.76–49.71) |
| Europe, Eastern | 13.00 (11.25–14.71) | 20.91 (13.31–29.19) | 14.33 (3.48–30.10) | 19.53 (4.06–41.02) | 4.91 (0.46–11.93) | 3.43 (0.21–7.70) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 23.89 (5.60–47.60) |
| Europe, Western | 13.12 (11.39–14.81) | 21.42 (13.68–29.87) | 13.50 (4.64–24.79) | 15.39 (4.38–30.42) | 3.30 (0.47–7.60) | 2.43 (0.18–5.93) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 30.84 (13.35–51.36) |
| North America, high income | 13.08 (11.33–14.77) | 20.13 (12.79–28.14) | 13.45 (4.58–24.72) | 15.85 (4.51–31.29) | 4.33 (0.65–9.99) | 2.39 (0.18–5.85) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 30.76 (13.33–51.20) |
| World | 20.28 (18.23–22.24) | 35.15 (26.40–44.03) | 8.49 (2.99–15.66) | 5.93 (1.46–12.18) | 1.06 (0.15–2.38) | 3.21 (0.50–7.19) | 0.97 (0.80–1.15) | 24.92 (9.58–43.36) |
| (d) 2020 | ||||||||
| Asia Pacific, high income | 13.14 (11.40–14.83) | 18.88 (11.27–27.33) | 13.38 (4.14–25.33) | 16.68 (4.33–33.75) | 4.50 (0.55–10.62) | 2.32 (0.15–5.76) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 31.10 (13.46–51.76) |
| Australasia | 13.13 (11.40–14.82) | 18.77 (11.26–27.13) | 13.63 (4.23–25.80) | 15.64 (3.96–31.89) | 4.95 (0.64–11.67) | 2.25 (0.15–5.52) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 31.64 (13.70–52.71) |
| Europe, Central | 13.00 (11.23–14.74) | 24.48 (15.48–34.14) | 14.00 (3.21–30.03) | 15.43 (2.65–34.66) | 3.53 (0.27–8.58) | 3.54 (0.21–8.18) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 26.01 (6.02–51.93) |
| Europe, Eastern | 13.02 (11.27–14.74) | 20.70 (12.63–29.54) | 14.18 (3.15–30.53) | 18.93 (3.45–41.21) | 5.64 (0.48–13.98) | 3.42 (0.18–7.79) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 24.12 (5.52–48.44) |
| Europe, Western | 13.13 (11.40–14.82) | 20.30 (12.26–29.24) | 13.48 (4.18–25.53) | 14.92 (3.77–30.53) | 3.84 (0.46–9.02) | 2.35 (0.15–5.80) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 31.99 (13.83–53.28) |
| North America, high income | 13.10 (11.36–14.79) | 19.26 (11.62–27.77) | 13.62 (4.22–25.80) | 14.86 (3.72–30.44) | 4.74 (0.61–11.15) | 2.26 (0.15–5.54) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 32.15 (13.93–53.52) |
| World | 20.58 (18.52–22.54) | 34.73 (25.04–44.63) | 8.43 (2.75–15.96) | 5.57 (1.23–11.72) | 1.20 (0.16–2.75) | 3.09 (0.42–7.09) | 0.40 (0.30–0.58) | 25.99 (9.96–45.27) |
GBD, Global Burden of Disease Study.