Table 6.
Percentage of total moderate to severe vision impairment by cause for all ages in (a) 1990, (b) 2010, (c) 2015 and (d) 2020; 80% uncertainty intervals are given in brackets
| GBD region | Uncorrected refractive error | Cataract | Glaucoma | Age-related macular degeneration | Diabetic retinopathy | Corneal disease | Trachoma | Other |
| (a) 1990 | ||||||||
| Asia Pacific, high income | 49.41 (47.51–51.08) | 17.63 (12.98–22.65) | 3.63 (1.30–6.82) | 12.70 (4.50–23.33) | 3.02 (0.74–6.17) | 1.10 (0.11–2.51) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 12.51 (4.42–22.22) |
| Australasia | 48.79 (46.14–50.91) | 17.78 (13.08–22.84) | 3.65 (1.31–6.85) | 13.28 (4.77–24.21) | 2.99 (0.73–6.10) | 1.10 (0.11–2.53) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 12.41 (4.38–22.06) |
| Europe, Central | 48.61 (45.00–51.35) | 20.44 (14.85–26.55) | 3.87 (0.86–8.27) | 12.60 (2.96–25.57) | 2.36 (0.33–5.51) | 2.00 (0.14–4.33) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 10.12 (1.66–22.71) |
| Europe, Eastern | 47.12 (42.97–50.53) | 17.96 (12.64–23.74) | 4.05 (0.88–8.74) | 15.07 (3.84–29.38) | 3.87 (0.58–9.05) | 1.98 (0.13–4.37) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 9.95 (1.64–22.30) |
| Europe, Western | 49.34 (47.59–50.92) | 18.14 (13.35–23.27) | 3.59 (1.29–6.74) | 13.23 (4.82–24.01) | 2.45 (0.58–5.03) | 1.11 (0.11–2.55) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 12.15 (4.27–21.63) |
| North America, high income | 49.06 (46.80–51.00) | 16.96 (12.39–21.87) | 3.57 (1.26–6.72) | 14.24 (5.34–25.45) | 3.17 (0.77–6.48) | 1.10 (0.11–2.53) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 11.90 (4.19–21.18) |
| World | 50.80 (46.12–54.74) | 26.62 (21.53–31.78) | 2.14 (0.69–4.11) | 5.97 (1.63–11.87) | 1.03 (0.20–2.22) | 1.75 (0.25–3.81) | 1.99 (1.88–2.09) | 9.71 (3.03–18.50) |
| (b) 2010 | ||||||||
| Asia Pacific, high income | 49.40 (47.59–51.00) | 15.23 (10.30–20.74) | 3.60 (1.15–6.95) | 11.87 (3.76–22.72) | 3.88 (0.70–8.56) | 0.81 (0.08–1.93) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 15.20 (5.34–27.07) |
| Australasia | 49.08 (46.69–51.03) | 15.45 (10.46–21.02) | 3.61 (1.15–6.94) | 11.47 (3.59–22.08) | 3.94 (0.71–8.71) | 0.82 (0.08–1.96) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 15.63 (5.50–27.80) |
| Europe, Central | 49.37 (46.66–51.53) | 18.43 (12.32–25.39) | 3.97 (0.79–8.90) | 11.31 (2.24–24.92) | 3.00 (0.36–7.07) | 1.43 (0.10–2.99) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 12.49 (2.04–28.06) |
| Europe, Eastern | 48.32 (45.03–50.91) | 16.00 (10.38–22.47) | 4.08 (0.78–9.21) | 13.56 (2.75–29.30) | 4.83 (0.60–11.60) | 1.40 (0.09–2.98) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 11.80 (1.92–26.53) |
| Europe, Western | 49.61 (47.85–51.14) | 15.96 (10.83–21.66) | 3.58 (1.15–6.88) | 11.28 (3.56–21.68) | 3.31 (0.59–7.33) | 0.82 (0.08–1.94) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 15.44 (5.42–27.49) |
| North America, high income | 49.41 (47.33–51.22) | 15.10 (10.19–20.58) | 3.55 (1.12–6.86) | 11.55 (3.62–22.21) | 4.07 (0.73–9.03) | 0.83 (0.08–1.99) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 15.49 (5.45–27.54) |
| World | 52.12 (48.44–55.23) | 25.55 (19.80–31.54) | 2.04 (0.66–3.93) | 4.65 (1.21–9.53) | 1.21 (0.21–2.68) | 1.19 (0.19–2.55) | 1.07 (0.93–1.21) | 12.17 (3.87–23.03) |
| (c) 2015 | ||||||||
| Asia Pacific, high income | 49.36 (47.46–51.02) | 14.66 (9.46–20.49) | 3.60 (1.05–7.15) | 11.60 (3.30–22.82) | 4.07 (0.62–9.30) | 0.79 (0.07–1.89) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 15.92 (5.58–28.36) |
| Australasia | 49.26 (46.91–51.17) | 14.10 (9.09–19.75) | 3.59 (1.04–7.14) | 11.36 (3.17–22.44) | 4.72 (0.73–10.81) | 0.78 (0.07–1.88) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 16.18 (5.69–28.77) |
| Europe, Central | 49.40 (46.71–51.60) | 18.16 (11.65–25.53) | 3.95 (0.73–9.07) | 10.85 (1.95–24.55) | 3.12 (0.32–7.43) | 1.38 (0.09–2.95) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 13.14 (2.14–29.55) |
| Europe, Eastern | 48.53 (45.35–51.05) | 14.84 (9.18–21.40) | 4.13 (0.73–9.56) | 13.39 (2.49–29.77) | 5.06 (0.56–12.33) | 1.32 (0.07–2.85) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 12.72 (2.09–28.52) |
| Europe, Western | 49.61 (47.74–51.21) | 15.49 (10.05–21.56) | 3.58 (1.05–7.09) | 10.68 (3.02–21.13) | 3.48 (0.52–7.95) | 0.81 (0.07–1.93) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 16.35 (5.74–29.11) |
| North America, high income | 49.53 (47.47–51.32) | 14.39 (9.30–20.10) | 3.56 (1.03–7.08) | 10.86 (3.01–21.54) | 4.55 (0.70–10.40) | 0.79 (0.07–1.90) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 16.32 (5.74–29.01) |
| World | 52.34 (48.66–55.45) | 25.15 (18.83–31.76) | 2.05 (0.62–4.03) | 4.38 (1.05–9.15) | 1.30 (0.20–2.93) | 1.14 (0.17–2.48) | 0.64 (0.50–0.79) | 13.00 (4.14–24.57) |
| (d) 2020 | ||||||||
| Asia Pacific, high income | 49.38 (47.39–51.11) | 13.44 (8.19–19.41) | 3.61 (0.93–7.48) | 11.67 (2.92–23.76) | 4.77 (0.60–11.26) | 0.77 (0.06–1.89) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 16.36 (5.74–29.15) |
| Australasia | 49.34 (46.94–51.27) | 13.44 (8.24–19.33) | 3.66 (0.95–7.59) | 10.78 (2.63–22.13) | 5.22 (0.68–12.29) | 0.75 (0.06–1.84) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 16.82 (5.92–29.92) |
| Europe, Central | 49.50 (46.87–51.69) | 17.35 (10.57–25.03) | 3.96 (0.66–9.29) | 10.58 (1.68–24.60) | 3.58 (0.32–8.68) | 1.33 (0.07–2.88) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 13.70 (2.23–30.83) |
| Europe, Eastern | 48.71 (45.61–51.20) | 14.53 (8.56–21.45) | 4.07 (0.65–9.66) | 12.91 (2.11–29.68) | 5.74 (0.56–14.27) | 1.28 (0.06–2.78) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 12.75 (2.06–28.71) |
| Europe, Western | 49.68 (47.73–51.33) | 14.56 (8.97–20.89) | 3.61 (0.95–7.45) | 10.34 (2.57–21.12) | 4.06 (0.50–9.62) | 0.79 (0.06–1.91) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 16.95 (5.94–30.20) |
| North America, high income | 49.59 (47.48–51.41) | 13.76 (8.47–19.74) | 3.64 (0.95–7.52) | 10.22 (2.47–21.03) | 4.99 (0.65–11.74) | 0.76 (0.06–1.85) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 17.04 (6.00–30.31) |
| World | 52.61 (48.86–55.76) | 24.75 (17.77–32.12) | 2.05 (0.57–4.15) | 4.16 (0.89–8.94) | 1.49 (0.20–3.43) | 1.10 (0.14–2.45) | 0.22 (0.16–0.37) | 13.61 (4.34–25.73) |
GBD, Global Burden of Disease Study.