Table 2.

Means of Fathers’ Economic Characteristics, Fathers’ Involvement, and Time-Varying Controls, by Fathers’ Coresidence Status at Survey

	Year 1		Year 3		Year 5		Year 9
Variable	M or %	SD	M or %	SD	M or %	SD	M or %	SD
Resident fathers (%)	85.3		80.7		71.9		70.7
Fathers’ economic characteristics
Annual earnings ($, in 2008)	$38.6 K	$20.0 K	$50.0 K	$43.2K	$56.0 K	$47.7 K	$55.8 K	$41.8 K
Average weekly hours worked	41.58	16.29	41.91	17.39	42.53	14.77	38.25	14.75
Did not work	4.48		7.18		5.09		7.22
Fathers’ involvement (mother’s report)
Spent 1+ hours	4.80	0.51	4.77	0.53	4.80	0.43	4.77	0.47
Engagement	3.88	1.72	3.77	1.83	3.30	1.53	3.39	1.23
Responsibility	3.46	0.52	3.50	0.52	3.56	0.48	3.51	0.46
Time-varying controls (mother’s report)
Relationship with child’s mother (%)
Married	70.8		77.5		82.5		87.5
Cohabiting	29.1		20.4		17.6		12.5
Hours per week worked by mother (mother report)	23.74	18.81	24.35	19.22	23.16	17.77	24.83	14.35
Number of children with child’s biological mother	1.73	0.92	2.16	1.03	2.37	1.05	2.76	1.07
Number of children with other partner	0.35	0.74	0.31	0.75	0.28	0.70	0.22	0.57
Number of waves as resident father	1.88	0.30	2.82	0.41	3.69	0.59	4.53	0.71
Unweighted number of resident cases (n)	2,309		1,999		1,650		1,221
Nonresident fathers (%)	14.7		19.3		28.1		29.3
Fathers’ economic characteristics
Annual earnings ($, in 2008)	$23.0Ka	$22.6 K	$19.3Ka	$25.9 K	$24.0 Ka	$31.0 K	$26.1Ka	$30.3 K
Average weekly hours worked	35.43a	29.34	32.32a	32.26	33.35a	27.06	32.93	26.23
Did not work	14.1a		22.7a		15.7a		19.1a
Annualized child support payment ($, in 2008)	$1.5K	$3.5 K	$1.4K	$3.5 K	$1.4K	$3.1	$2.3 K	$4.4 K
No child support payments	36.9		44.4		48.8		38.2
Fathers’ involvement (mother’s report)
Spent 1+hours	3.16a	2.12	2.92a	2.05	2.78a	1.84	2.50a	1.57
Engagement	1.68a	2.53	1.44a	2.21	1.00a	1.74	1.10a	1.58
Responsibility	2.23a	1.41	2.10a	1.43	1.90a	1.15	1.79a	1.03
Days with child	12.52	16.21	10.40	14.81	8.52	11.99	7.14	9.79
Time-varying controls (mother’s report)
Relationship with child’s mother (%)
Dating	17.6		7.9		5.4		9.7
Nonromantic	82.4		92.1		94.6		90.3
Father had new partner	32.4		44.2		49.7		38.1
Mother had new partner	31.1		40.1		42.9		53.9
Hours per week worked by mother (mother report)	30.32a	26.69	31.75a	26.67	30.46	25.12	32.96a	20.71
Number of children with child’s biological mother	1.42a	1.08	1.53a	1.17	1.89a	1.38	1.83a	1.30
Number of children with other partner	0.86a	1.67	1.13a	2.00	1.043a	1.53	1.13	1.59
Number of waves as nonresident father	1.70	0.62	2.21	1.01	2.57	1.37	3.00	1.55
Unweighted number of nonresident cases (n)	805		967		1,103		1,035
Overall number of unweighted cases (n)	3,114		2,966		2,753		2,256

Note. Data are based on fathers’ reports, unless otherwise indicated. All figures are weighted by year-specific city sampling weights.

^aSignificantly different than resident fathers at p < .05.