. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Apr 20.

Published in final edited form as: J Marriage Fam. 2016 Jun 27;79(1):10–23. doi: 10.1111/jomf.12324

Table 3.

Fathers’ Economic Characteristics as Predictors of Fathers’ Involvement, by Fathers’ Residential Status: Random and Fixed Effects Models

	Random effects							Fixed effects
	Resident			Nonresident				Resident			Nonresident
Variable	β		SE	β		SE	Diff. by res. status	β		SE	β		SE	Diff. by res. status
A. Spent 1+ hours (mother’s report, range: 1–5)
Annual earnings ($, in 2008)^a	−.0023		.002	.0364	^***	.010	^***	−.0011		.002	.0282		.015	^**
Average weekly hours worked (10 hours)	−.0149	^***	.005	.0182		.010	^**	−.0150	^*	.006	.0029		.014	^*
Annualized child support payment ($; in 2008)^b				.0055	^***	.001					.0050	^***	.001
B. Engagement (mother’s report, range: 0–7)
Annual earnings ($, in 2008)^a	−.0316	^***	.007	.0093		.012	^**	−.0238	^**	.007	−.0035		.018	^*
Average weekly hours worked (10 hours)	−.0648	^***	.011	−.0204		.012	^**	−.0517	^***	.014	−.0401	^*	.018
Annualized child support payment ($, in 2008)^b				.0038	^***	.001					.0056	^***	.002
C. Responsibility (mother’s report, range: 1–4)
Annual earnings ($, in 2008)^b	−.0060	^**	.002	.0129		.007	^*	−.0039		.002	.0146		.010
Average weekly hours worked (10 hours)	−.0169	^***	.004	.0061		.007	^**	−.0136	^**	.005	.0059		.009
Annualized child support payment ($, in 2008)^b				.0038	^***	.001					.0041	^***	.001
D. Father involvement composite (mother’s report)
Annual earnings ($, in 2008)^a	−.0096	^***	.002	.0119		.007	^**	−.0075	^**	.002	.0072		.009	^*
Average weekly hours worked (10 hours)	−.0231	^***	.004	−.0005		.006	^**	−.0190	^***	.004	−.0071		.008
Annualized child support payment ($, in 2008)^b				.0031	^***	.001					.0035	^***	.001
E. Days spent with child past month (mother’s report, range: 0–30)
Annual earnings ($, in 2008)^a				.2130	^**	.075					.3046	^**	.107
Average weekly hours worked (10 hours)				.0625		.074					.0622		.101
Annualized child support payment ($, in 2008)^b				.0296	^***	.006					.0350	^***	.009
Number of observations	7,167			3,888				7,167			3,888
Number of unique cases	2,854			1,989				2,854			1,989

Note. Each cell represents a separate regression model and includes all time-constant and time-varying covariates in Tables 1 and 2. Diff. = difference. Res. = residential.

In $l,000s.

In $100s.

p<.05.

^**

p<.01.

^***

p<.001.