TABLE 1.
Characteristics of Sample (N = 596)
| Sample (N = 596)
|
Women (N = 290)
|
Men (N = 306)
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % | N | % | N | % | |
| Age—mean (SD) | 34.7 | (10.8) | 33.9 | (9.8) | 35.5 | (11.6) |
| Race/Ethnicity1 | ||||||
| White | 244 | 41.6 | 123 | 43.0 | 121 | 40.3 |
| Black | 249 | 42.5 | 116 | 40.6 | 133 | 44.3 |
| Latino | 53 | 9.0 | 24 | 8.4 | 29 | 9.7 |
| Biracial | 19 | 3.2 | 9 | 3.1 | 10 | 3.3 |
| Other | 21 | 3.6 | 14 | 4.9 | 7 | 2.3 |
| High school graduate/GED | 418 | 70.5 | 202 | 70.1 | 216 | 70.8 |
| Employed prior to incarceration | 302 | 51.7 | 107 | 37.7*** | 195 | 65.0 |
| Received public benefits before incarceration | 226 | 43.5 | 133 | 55.0*** | 93 | 33.5 |
| Unstably housed prior to incarceration | 50 | 8.5 | 30 | 10.6 | 20 | 6.6 |
| Lived with at least one child < 18 before incarceration | 280 | 47.9 | 141 | 49.5 | 139 | 46.3 |
| Marital status as “single” | 431 | 74.4 | 202 | 74.0 | 229 | 74.8 |
| Insured prior to incarceration | 250 | 43.0 | 126 | 45.2 | 124 | 40.9 |
| Lifetime months in jail or prison—mean (SD) | 33.2 | (47.0) | 17.9 | (31.3)*** | 43.0 | (54.9) |
| Ever diagnosed with an STI | 94 | 16.0 | 58 | 20.4** | 36 | 12.0 |
| Ever exchanged sex for drug or money | 84 | 14.6 | 68 | 24.5*** | 16 | 5.4 |
| Had a violent injury in year prior to incarceration | 65 | 11.0 | 33 | 11.5 | 32 | 10.6 |
| Experienced IPV in year prior to incarceration | 192 | 36.3 | 127 | 46.4*** | 65 | 25.5 |
| Physical or sexual abuse before age 16 | 376 | 63.1 | 187 | 64.5 | 189 | 61.8 |
| Sexual abuse before age 16 | 120 | 20.9 | 95 | 34.9*** | 25 | 8.3 |
| Fear of neighborhood violence score—mean (SD)2 | 1.4 | (0.9) | 1.5 | (0.9) | 1.4 | (0.9) |
| Level of perceived neighborhood violence—mean (SD)3 | 1.3 | (1.6) | 1.2 | (1.5) | 1.3 | (1.6) |
| Hearing about neighborhood violence y/n4 | 316 | 53.0 | 152 | 52.4 | 164 | 53.6 |
| Victim of neighborhood violence (or family member) | 134 | 23.1 | 61 | 21.7 | 73 | 24.3 |
| Months in neighborhood prior to incarceration—mean (SD) | 92.2 | (120.9) | 71.9 | (108.2)*** | 110.6 | 128.8 |
| Ever had an unintended pregnancy | 294 | 49.7 | 155 | 53.8* | 139 | 45.9 |
10 cases had missing race/ethnicity data.
“In the neighborhood where you lived before being incarcerated, were you afraid you would be hurt by violence?” 1 = None of the time, 2 = A little of the time, 3 = Most of the time, 4 = All of the time.
Level of neighborhood violence, High summary score = greater perceived neighborhood violence.
Hearing about any of the following in the last six months (y/no question): violent arguments, robberies, gang activities, murders.
p ≤ 0.05.
p ≤ 0.01.
p ≤ 0.001. for comparison of women to men.