Table 2.
Demographic characteristics of 7085 WHIMS participants
| DII categories
|
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All N = 7085 |
< −2 N = 2694 |
−2 to 0 N = 1655 |
0 to 2 N = 1269 |
>2 N = 1467 |
||
| Variable | Mean ± SD or N (%) |
Mean ± SD or N (%) |
Mean ± SD or N (%) |
Mean ± SD or N (%) |
Mean ± SD or N (%) |
P > F |
| DII score | −0.6 ± 2.6 | −3.2 ± 0.9 | −1.1 ± 0.6 | 1.0 ± 0.6 | 3.3 ± 0.8 | <.0001 |
| Age (years) | 71.0 ± 3.9 | 71.1 ± 3.9 | 71.2 ± 3.9 | 70.8 ± 3.8 | 70.7 ± 3.8 | .0005 |
| Race | ||||||
| White | 6211 (87.7) | 2443 (90.7) | 1459 (88.2) | 1090 (85.9) | 1219 (83.1) | <.0001 |
| African American | 471 (6.6) | 116 (4.3) | 110 (6.6) | 105 (8.3) | 140 (9.5) | <.0001 |
| Max education HS | 2073 (29.3) | 641 (23.8) | 478 (28.9) | 397 (31.3) | 557 (38.0) | <.0001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.4 ± 5.4 | 28.1 ± 5.3 | 28.4 ± 5.5 | 28.9 ± 5.5 | 28.7 ± 5.5 | <.0001 |
| Exercise (MET-hours/week) | 11.3 ± 13.3 | 13.2 ± 14.2 | 11.4 ± 13.5 | 10.2 ± 11.7 | 8.8 ± 11.9 | <.0001 |
| 3MS | 95.3 ± 4.2 | 95.7 ± 3.9 | 95.3 ± 4.1 | 95.3 ± 4.2 | 94.5 ± 4.7 | <.0001 |
| HT arm = EPLC | 1384 (19.5) | 503 (18.7) | 319 (19.3) | 254 (20.0) | 308 (21.0) | <.0001 |
| HT arm = ERT | 1375 (19.4) | 450 (16.7) | 331 (20.0) | 266 (21.0) | 328 (22.4) | <.0001 |
| HT arm = PERT | 2124 (30.0) | 836 (31.0) | 500 (30.2) | 373 (29.4) | 415 (28.3) | <.0001 |
| HT arm = PPLC | 2202 (31.1) | 905 (33.6) | 505 (30.5) | 376 (29.6) | 416 (28.4) | <.0001 |
| Dietary energy (kcals) | 1599 ± 628 | 1805 ± 664 | 1634 ± 50 | 1579 ± 515 | 1201 ± 93 | <.0001 |
| Hypertension | 2744 (39.1) | 1013 (38.1) | 654 (39.9) | 522 (41.6) | 555 (38.2) | .15 |
| Diabetes | 587 (8.3) | 209 (7.8) | 138 (8.4) | 113 (8.9) | 127 (8.7) | .59 |
| High Chol + pills | 1260 (18.0) | 519 (19.5) | 265 (16.3) | 236 (18.8) | 240 (16.6) | .02 |
| NSAID use | 1808 (25.5) | 721 (26.8) | 475 (28.7) | 275 (21.7) | 337 (23.0) | <.0001 |
| 1+ Alcoholic drinks/week | 2504 (35.6) | 1098 (41.0) | 548 (33.3) | 416 (33.2) | 442 (30.5) | <.0001 |
| Current smoker | 493 (7.1) | 134 (5.1) | 124 (7.6) | 96 (7.7) | 139 (9.6) | <.0001 |
| Past smoker | 2804 (40.1) | 1149 (43.4) | 635 (38.7) | 474 (38.0) | 546 (37.6) | <.0001 |
| Region NE | 1910 (27.0) | 739 (27.4) | 465 (28.1) | 317 (25.0) | 389 (26.5) | .09 |
| Region South | 1484 (20.9) | 541 (20.1) | 351 (21.2) | 265 (20.9) | 327 (22.3) | .09 |
| Region MidW | 1718 (24.2) | 623 (23.1) | 400 (24.2) | 345 (27.2) | 350 (23.9) | .09 |
| Region West | 1973 (27.8) | 791 (29.4) | 439 (26.5) | 342 (27.0) | 401 (27.3) | .09 |
| CRP* | 2.70 (2.17) | 2.58 (2.10) | 2.70 (2.17) | 2.78 (2.25) | 2.87 (2.23) | .001 |
| NSES Index | 75.2 (8.2) | 75.9 (7.7) | 75.1 (8.5) | 75.0 (8.1) | 74.0 (8.7) | <.0001 |
Abbreviations: 3MS, Modified Mini–Mental State Examination; BMI, body mass index; CRP, C-reactive protein; DII, Dietary Inflammatory Index; EPLC, estrogen placebo arm; ERT, estrogen only; High Chol + pills, high cholesterol requiring pills; HS, high school; HT, hormone therapy; MET, metabolic equivalent; MidW, midwest; NE, northeast; NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; NSES, neighborhood socioeconomic status; PERT, estrogen + progestin; PPLC, progestin placebo arm; SD, standard deviation; WHIMS, Women’s Health Initiative Memory Study.
*
CRP is only available on a subset of 5833 participants.