Table 2.
Factors Associated with Moderate–High Physical Symptoms in Multivariate Regression Model (N = 283)
| Characteristics* | Bivariate, unadjusted odds ratio (95% CI) | Multivariate model, adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|
| Female sex | 2.49 (1.16–5.37) | 2.54 (1.28–5.03) |
| African-American race | 0.96 (0.40–2.34) | – |
| Less than high school education/General Education Development (GED) certificate | 1.24 (0.59–2.60) | – |
| Inadequate health literacy | 1.94 (0.95–3.94) | – |
| Physical, psychological, verbal, or sexual abuse (childhood) | 2.01 (1.02–3.95) | 1.88 (1.00–3.50) |
| Physical, psychological, verbal, or sexual abuse (last 6 months) | 1.43 (0.72–2.82) | – |
| Risky to hazardous alcohol use | 1.41 (0.65–3.07) | – |
| Moderate-risk cannabis use | 3.08 (1.50–6.30) | 2.59 (1.38–4.89) |
| Moderate-risk illicit substance use (excluding cannabis) | 0.86 (0.39–1.88) | – |
| Two or more chronic health conditions | 2.86 (1.47–5.54) | 2.50 (1.36–4.58) |
| Unable to obtain needed medical care | 2.45 (1.19–5.07) | – |
| Unable to fill needed prescriptions | 2.04 (1.02–4.11) | – |
| Moderate to severe depression | 1.57 (0.69–3.56) | – |
| Post-traumatic stress disorder | 1.33 (0.59–3.02) | – |
| Feelings of anxiety | 3.29 (1.53–7.08) | 4.30 (2.24–8.26) |
| Hallucinations | 2.50 (0.80–7.77) | 3.77 (1.36–10.43) |
| Violent impulses | 0.90 (0.28–2.91) | – |
| Thoughts of suicide | 2.98 (0.51–17.5) | – |
| Loneliness | 1.67 (0.79–3.51) | 2.32 (1.26–4.28) |
| Regret | 0.79 (0.24–2.66) | – |
*Variables tested for in the model; italicized variables adjusted for in final model