Table 1.
Baseline Patient Characteristics
| Home (n = 9) | Control (n = 11) | p* | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, median (IQR) | 65 (28) | 60 (29) | 0.49 |
| Female, n (%) | 2 (22) | 8 (73) | 0.07 |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | 0.84 | ||
| White | 4 (44) | 5 (45) | |
| Latino | 4 (44) | 3 (27) | |
| Black | 1 (11) | 3 (27) | |
| Partner status, n (%) | 0.41 | ||
| Partnered | 5 (56) | 6 (55) | |
| Divorced/widowed | 3 (33) | 3 (27) | |
| Single | 1 (11) | 2 (18) | |
| Primary language, n (%) | 0.62 | ||
| English | 6 (67) | 9 (82) | |
| Spanish | 3 (33) | 2 (18) | |
| Insurance, n (%) | 0.17 | ||
| Private | 6 (67) | 3 (27) | |
| Medicare | 3 (33) | 5 (45) | |
| Medicaid | 0 | 3 (27) | |
| Education, n (%) | 0.06 | ||
| > 4-year college | 3 (33) | 1 (9) | |
| 4-year college | 1 (11) | 6 (55) | |
| < 4-year college | 1 (11) | 3 (27) | |
| High school | 1 (11) | 1 (9) | |
| < High school | 3 (33) | 0 | |
| Employment, n (%) | 0.33 | ||
| Employed | 5 (56) | 4 (36) | |
| Unemployed | 0 | 3 (27) | |
| Retired | 4 (44) | 4 (36) | |
| Cigarette smoking, n (%) | 0.55 | ||
| Never | 4 (44) | 3 (27) | |
| Current | 0 | 2 (18) | |
| Prior | 5 (56) | 6 (55) | |
| PRISMA (0–7), median (IQR) | 2 (1) | 3 (3) | 0.86 |
| Ascertain dementia-8 (0–8), median (IQR) | 0 (0) | 1 (3) | 0.08 |
| Health literacy (4–20), median (IQR)† | 20 (7) | 18 (10) | 0.57 |
| Medication count, median (IQR) | 8 (13) | 10 (14) | 0.93 |
| Comorbidity count, median (IQR)‡ | 7 (7) | 6 (7) | 0.14 |
| Code status: Full code, n (%) | 6 (67) | 10 (91) | 0.28 |
| Yes, surprised if died in 1 year, n (%) | 5 (56) | 8 (73) | 0.64 |
| EuroQol VAS (0–100), median (IQR) | 75 (10) | 65 (25) | 0.05 |
| ADLs (0–6), median (IQR) | 6 (0) | 5 (2) | 0.07 |
| IADLs (0–8), median (IQR) | 8 (2) | 5 (5) | 0.34 |
| PHQ-2 (0–6), median (IQR) | 0 (0) | 2 (4) | 0.04 |
| PROMIS emotional support (4–20), median (IQR) | 20 (2) | 20 (1) | 0.93 |
| Hospital admission in last 6 months, n (%) | 4 (44) | 4 (36) | 1 |
| Emergency department visit in last 6 months, n (%) | 5 (56) | 3 (27) | 0.36 |
Abbreviations: ADLs, activities of daily living; IADLs, instrumental activities of daily living; IQR, interquartile range; PHQ-2, Patient Health Quesitonnaire-2 (measure of depression); PRISMA, Program of Research to Integrate Services for the Maintenance of Autonomy (measure of frailty); PROMIS, Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System; VAS, visual analog scale
*Wilcoxon rank-sum test for continuous variables and Fisher exact test for categorical variables
†Brief health literacy screener, 4–12: limited; 13–16: marginal; 17–20: adequate
‡Count of patient’s chronic comorbidities