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. 2018 Apr 20;8:6497. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-24113-8

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Relationship between gray matter integrity and subcortical response to TMS. Using voxel-based morphometry, the gray matter volume at the site of stimulation and afferent targets (see Supplemental Figure S1 for ROIs) was isolated. As a group, there was a significant positive relationship between the gray matter volume in the cortical site of stimulation (FP1) and TMS-evoked BOLD signal in the anterior-cingulate, as well as the orbitofrontal cortex. Individuals with higher gray matter volume had a larger effect of TMS in these cortical afferent targets. A scatter plot shows the relationship between FP1 gray matter volume and cluster beta values after controlling for participant age, TMS pulses administered and scalp to cortex distance (B).