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. 2018 Apr 20;8:6307. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-24892-0

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Osteogenic marker gene expression, in vitro. Expression of (A) TGF-β1, (B) BMP2, (C) Osteopontin, and (D) Calmodulin were measured by qRT-PCR and compared between electrically stimulated and control groups. Relative expressions were normalized to RPLP1 and YWHAZ (housekeeping genes). In the experimental group expression of genes TGF-ß1 (day 7), BMP2 (days 3, 7, 14 and 21), Osteopontin (days 3, 7 and 14), and Calmodulin (day 21) was significantly increased in comparison to controls. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3), (*p < 0.05).