Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2018 Apr 20;9:1584. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-03950-1

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 7 — Middle to late Miocene climate cooling steps coincident with unusual congruence of the Earth’s orbit. a Miocene to Pleistocene (16–0 Ma) benthic δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C records from ODP Site 1146, compiled from refs. ^15–18 and this work. Blue arrows mark main phases of glacial expansion/deep water cooling; 3 pt smooth: 3 pt moving mean. Lilac shading marks global δ¹³C decline coincident with planktic δ¹⁸O increase and high-amplitude obliquity modulation of benthic δ¹⁸O. Blue shading marks final stage of global δ¹³C decline. Light orange shading marks climate warming after 5.5 Ma. b Comparison of benthic (C. wuellerstorfi and/or C. mundulus) δ¹⁸O from ODP Site 1146 (^15–17 and this work) with orbital parameters (eccentricity and obliquity from ref. ²¹) reveals similar sequence of climatic events during three Miocene cooling episodes with strikingly similar background orbital configuration. Blue shading marks cooling episodes following an extended period of high-amplitude variability in obliquity congruent with low variability in short eccentricity (gray shading). Light orange shading marks transient warming episodes coincident with high-amplitude variability in short eccentricity