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. 2018 Apr 20;8:6306. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-24782-5

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Multi-Hox mutant kidney tubules have intermixed cells with distinct nephron segment identities as well as single cells that express markers of more than one segment. (a) At E18.5, we observed tubules containing DBA (collecting duct) cells interspersed among Villin (proximal tubule) positive cells (B’). Multi-Hox mutants also showed single cells that triple labeled with HNF4a (proximal tubule) as well as DBA and CK (collecting duct) (G’, insert, arrowhead). LTA (proximal tubule) and SLC12A1 (ascending loop of Henle) positive cells were present in a single tubule (L’). (b) Adult cystic kidneys showed cells with LTA and Villin (proximal tubule) adjacent to SLC12A1 (ascending loop of Henle) cells (Q’). Single cells also co-expressed HNF4a (proximal tubule) with CK (collecting duct) (V’), SLC12A1 (ascending loop of Henle) with CK (collecting duct marker) (AA’), and Villin (proximal tubule) with DBA (collecting duct marker) (FF’). Cysts also showed regional expression of proximal tubule markers (Villin and/or LTA) adjacent to CK cells (collecting duct) (KK’). N = 3 per immunoassay.