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. 2018 Apr 20;8:6337. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-24706-3

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Modulation of microbiota improves intestinal barrier function and changes the GALT immune profile of MIF-KO mice. Caecum weight after the treatment with ampicillin and neomycin (Abx) with representative images above the graph (a). Electron micrographs of WT and MIF-KO colon sections (after the treatment with antibiotics) showing tight junctions and adherens junctions. 50 sections per mouse were analysed (b). Intestinal permeability after the antibiotic treatment measured by the presence of FITC-dextran in the serum (c). E-cadherin immunostaining on colon sections – representative images from at least 15 sections per mouse (d). Relative mRNA expression of tight junction proteins (e). F4/80⁺ macrophages (f) and CD3⁺ lymphocytes (g) in immunohistochemical sections of colon (lamina propria) after the treatment with antibiotics. At least 15 sections per mouse were analysed in a blinded fashion. Cytokine secretion in MLN after the treatment with antibiotics (h). Colon IgA content after the treatment with antibiotics (i). Groups consisted of 16 mice and graphs represent average values of all examined animals from 3 separate experiments. For statistical analysis, test of normality and Mann–Whitney U-test were used. *p<0.05 represents the significant difference between values obtained from WT vs MIF-KO mice.