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. 2016 Jun 2;67(1):235–245. doi: 10.1007/s12576-016-0460-5

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© The Author(s) 2016

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, duplication, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

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Fig. 7 — Nicotine inhibits neurotoxic effect of LPS-activated microglia. The conditioned medium from LPS-activated microglia (LPS–MCM) has neurotoxicity due to inflammatory cytokines. However, LPS–MCM from cells with nicotine (1 μM) pre-treatment significantly restored neuronal cells. **p < 0.01 compared to control. ^## p < 0.01 compared to LPS–MCM