Table 1.
List of virulence factors identified in Nm and their association with repeat elements.
Consolidated list of Nm virulence factors retrieved from Ampattu BJ et al. (2017) [56], Criss A et al. (2012) [57], Echenique-Rivera H et al. (2011) [58], Schoen C et al. (2006) [59], Schoen C et al. (2008) [10], Snyder L et al. (2006) [9], Tettelin H et al. (2000) [37] publications and the virulence factor database (VFDB) [60]. In the table is reported their association with repeat elements in Nm. Both known and putative virulence factors are listed. ND: no homologue detected in MC58 genome.
| Virulence factor | Function | Gene symbol | N meningitidis MC58 | Association with repeat elements |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adhesion and penetration protein | Adherence | app | NMB1985 | Yes [15] |
| Adhesion | Adherence | hsf | NMB0992 | Yes [54] |
| Lipooligosaccharide (LOS) sialylation | Adherence | lst | NMB0922 | |
| LOS synthesis | Adherence | kdtA/waaA | NMB0014 | |
| LOS synthesis | Adherence | lgtA | NMB1929 | Yes [15,43] |
| LOS synthesis | Adherence | lgtB | NMB1928 | |
| LOS synthesis | Adherence | lgtC | ND | Yes [43] |
| LOS synthesis | Adherence | lgtE | NMB1926 | Yes [15] |
| LOS synthesis | Adherence | lgtF | NMB1704 | |
| LOS synthesis | Adherence | lgtG | NMB2032 | Yes [15,43] |
| LOS synthesis | Adherence | lgtH | ND | Yes [43,54] |
| LOS synthesis | Adherence | rfaC | NMB2156 | |
| LOS synthesis | Adherence | rfaE | NMB0825 | |
| LOS synthesis | Adherence | rfaF | NMB1527 | |
| LOS synthesis | Adherence | rfaK | NMB1705 | |
| Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) synthesis | Adherence | lptA | NMB1638 | |
| LPSsynthesis | Adherence | lpxA | NMB0178 | |
| LPS synthesis | Adherence | lpxB | NMB0199 | |
| LPS synthesis | Adherence | lpxC | NMB0017 | |
| LPS synthesis | Adherence | lpxD | NMB0180 | |
| LPS synthesis | Adherence | rfaD | NMB0828 | |
| Neisseria adhesion A | Adherence | nadA | NMB1994 | Yes [15,43] |
| Phosphoglucomutase/LOS synthesis | Adherence | pgm | NMB0790 | |
| Pilin glycosylation | Adherence | pglA | NMB0218 | Yes [43,54] |
| Pilin glycosylation | Adherence | pglB | NMB1820 | |
| Pilin glycosylation | Adherence | pglC | NMB1821 | |
| Pilin glycosylation | Adherence | pglD | NMB1822 | |
| Quinolinate synthetase | Adherence | NEIS1772 | NMB0394 | |
| Type IV pili | Adherence | pilC | NMB0049 | Yes [15,43,54,55] |
| Type IV pili | Adherence | pilD | NMB0332 | |
| Type IV pili | Adherence | pilE | NMB0018 | |
| Type IV pili | Adherence | pilF | NMB0329 | |
| Type IV pili | Adherence | pilG | NMB0333 | |
| Type IV pili | Adherence | pilH | NMB0886 | |
| Type IV pili | Adherence | pilI | NMB0887 | |
| Type IV pili | Adherence | pilJ | NMB0888 | |
| Type IV pili | Adherence | pilK | NMB0889 | |
| Type IV pili | Adherence | pilM | NMB1808 | |
| Type IV pili | Adherence | pilN | NMB1809 | |
| Type IV pili | Adherence | pilO | NMB1810 | |
| Type IV pili | Adherence | pilP | NMB1811 | |
| Type IV pili | Adherence | pilQ | NMB1812 | Yes [15] |
| Type IV pili | Adherence | pilS | NMB0020 | Yes [15] |
| Type IV pili | Adherence | pilT2 | NMB0768 | |
| Type IV pili | Adherence | pilT | NMB0052 | |
| Type IV pili | Adherence | pilU | NMB0051 | |
| Type IV pili | Adherence | pilV | NMB0547 | |
| Type IV pili | Adherence | pilW | NMB1309 | |
| Type IV pili | Adherence | pilX | NMB0890 | Yes [43,54] |
| Type IV pili | Adherence | pilZ | NMB0770 | |
| Lactate permease | Colonization | lctP | NMB0543 | |
| Lipoprotein NlpD | Colonization | NEIS1418 | NMB1483 | |
| FarAB | Efflux pump | farA | NMB0318 | |
| FarAB | Efflux pump | farB | NMB0319 | |
| MtrCDE | Efflux pump | mtrC | NMB1716 | Yes [15] |
| MtrCDE | Efflux pump | mtrD | NMB1715 | |
| MtrCDE | Efflux pump | mtrE | NMB1714 | |
| Capsule | Immune evasion | ctrA | NMB0071 | |
| Capsule | Immune evasion | ctrB | NMB0072 | |
| Capsule | Immune evasion | ctrC | NMB0073 | |
| Capsule | Immune evasion | ctrD | NMB0074 | |
| Capsule | Immune evasion | ctrG | NMB0065 | |
| Capsule | Immune evasion | lipA | NMB0082 | |
| Capsule | Immune evasion | lipB | NMB0083 | |
| Capsule | Immune evasion | mynA/sacA | ND | |
| Capsule | Immune evasion | mynB/sacB | ND | |
| Capsule | Immune evasion | mynC/sacC | ND | |
| Capsule | Immune evasion | mynD/sacD | ND | |
| Capsule | Immune evasion | siaA/synA | NMB0070 | |
| Capsule | Immune evasion | siaB/synB | NMB0069 | |
| Capsule | Immune evasion | siaC/synC | NMB0068 | |
| Capsule | Immune evasion | siaD/synD | NMB0067 | Yes [15,43] |
| Capsule | Immune evasion | synE | ND | |
| Drug resistance | Immune evasion | ermE | NMB0393 | Yes [15] |
| Protease | Immune evasion | NEIS2103 | NMB2127 | |
| T-cell stimulating protein | Immune evasion | tspB | NMB1548 | |
| Factor H binding protein | Immune modulator | fHbp | NMB1870 | |
| Neisserial surface protein A | Immune modulator | nspA | NMB0663 | |
| Class 5 outer membrane protein | Invasion | opc | NMB1053 | Yes [15,43,54] |
| Other outer membrane proteins | Invasion | rmpM | NMB0382 | Yes [15] |
| Other outer membrane proteins | Invasion | mlp | NMB1898 | |
| Other outer membrane proteins | Invasion | Omp85 | NMB0182 | |
| Other outer membrane proteins | Invasion | OmpH | NMB0181 | |
| Other outer membrane proteins | Invasion | NEIS1917 | NMB1946 | |
| Regulation of capsule expression | Invasion | misS/phoQ | NMB0594 | |
| Regulation of capsule expression | Invasion | misR/phoP | NMB0595 | |
| Type I secretion protein | Invasion | tolC | NMB1737 | |
| VacJ-related protein | Invasion | NEIS1933 | NMB1961 | |
| Opacity protein | Invasion | opa | NMB0442 | Yes [15,43,54] |
| PorA | Invasion | porA | NMB1429 | Yes [15,43,54] |
| PORB | Invasion | PORB | NMB2039 | Yes [43,54] |
| Infectivity potentiator | Invasion | NEIS0982 | NMB0995 | |
| Infectivity potentiator | Invasion | NEIS1487 | NMB1567 | |
| ABC transporter | Iron uptake systems | fbpA | NMB0634 | |
| ABC transporter | Iron uptake systems | fbpB | NMB0633 | |
| ABC transporter | Iron uptake systems | fbpC | NMB0632 | |
| ABC transporter | Iron uptake systems | NEIS1964 | NMB1989 | |
| ABC transporter | Iron uptake systems | NEIS1965 | NMB1990 | |
| ABC transporter | Iron uptake systems | NEIS1966 | NMB1991 | |
| ABC transporter | Iron uptake systems | fetB2 | NMB1880 | |
| Bacterioferritin | Iron uptake systems | bfrA | NMB1207 | |
| Bacterioferritin | Iron uptake systems | bfrB | NMB1206 | |
| Bacterioferritin | Iron uptake systems | bcp | NMB0750 | |
| Control of iron homeostasis genes | Iron uptake systems | fur | NMB0205 | |
| Ferric enterobactin transport protein A/ferric-repressed protein B | Iron uptake systems | fetA/frpB | NMB1988 | Yes [15,43,54] |
| Ferrochelatase | Iron uptake systems | hemH | NMB0718 | |
| Hemoglobin receptor | Iron uptake systems | hmbR | NMB1668 | Yes [15,43,54] |
| Hemagglutinin/hemolysin | Iron uptake systems | NMB0493 | ||
| Hemagglutinin/hemolysin | Iron uptake systems | NMB0497 | ||
| Hemagglutinin/hemolysin | Iron uptake systems | NMB1214 | ||
| Hemagglutinin/hemolysin | Iron uptake systems | NMB1779 | ||
| Heme uptake | Iron uptake systems | hpuA | ND | Yes [43,54] |
| Heme uptake | Iron uptake systems | hpuB | ND | |
| Hemolysin | Iron uptake systems | NMB0496 | ||
| Hemolysin | Iron uptake systems | NEIS1560 | NMB1646 | |
| Hemolysin activator | Iron uptake systems | NEIS1658 | NMB1738 | |
| Hemolysin activator | Iron uptake systems | tpsB | NMB1780 | |
| Iron uptake system component | Iron uptake systems | NEIS0012 | NMB0035 | |
| Lactoferrin-binding protein | Iron uptake systems | lbpA | NMB1540 | Yes [43] |
| Lactoferrin-binding protein | Iron uptake systems | lbpB | NMB1541 | Yes [15,43,54] |
| Ton system | Iron uptake systems | exbB | NMB1729 | |
| Ton system | Iron uptake systems | exbD | NMB1728 | |
| Ton system | Iron uptake systems | NEIS1887 (fhuA) | NMB0293 | |
| Ton system | Iron uptake systems | NEIS1282 | NMB1346 | |
| Ton system | Iron uptake systems | NEIS2529 | NMB1449 | Yes [15] |
| Ton system | Iron uptake systems | NEIS0387 | NMB1829 | |
| Ton system | Iron uptake systems | NEIS0338 | NMB1882 | |
| Ton system | Iron uptake systems | tonB | NMB1730 | |
| Transferrin-binding protein | Iron uptake systems | tbpA | NMB0461 | Yes [54] |
| Transferrin-binding protein | Iron uptake systems | tbpB | NMB0460 | Yes [15,43,54] |
| Transferrin-binding protein | Iron uptake systems | NHBA | NMB2132 | Yes [55] |
| 3R-hydroxymyristoyl ACP dehydrase | Other | fabZ | NMB0179 | |
| Carboxyl-terminal processing protease | Other | prc | NMB1332 | |
| Hypohetical protein | Other | NEIS0695 | NMB0741 | |
| Hypohetical protein | Other | NEIS0436 | NMB1786 | |
| Hypohetical protein | Other | NEIS1028 | NMB1064 | |
| Nitric oxide reductase | Other | norB | NMB1622 | |
| Nucleotides metabolism | Other | NMB0757 | ||
| Putative integral membrane protein | Other | NEIS0377 | NMB1840 | |
| Serine protease | Other | nalP | NMB1969 | Yes [54] |
| Transcriptional regulator | Other | mtrR | NMB1717 | |
| Uncharacterized protein | Other | NMB1828 | ||
| VapD-like protein | Other | NMB1753 | ||
| IgA protease | Stress response | iga | NMB0700 | Yes [15,54] |
| Iron-sulphur protein | Stress response | NEIS1371 | NMB1436 | |
| Iron-sulphur protein | Stress response | NEIS1372 | NMB1437 | |
| Iron-sulphur protein | Stress response | NEIS1373 | NMB1438 | |
| Catalase | Stress response | katA | NMB0216 | |
| Endonuclease | Stress response | nth | NMB0533 | |
| Manganese transport system | Stress response | mntA | NMB0588 | |
| Manganese transport system | Stress response | mntB | NMB0587 | |
| Manganese transport system | Stress response | mntC | NMB0586 | |
| Methionine sulphoxide reductase | Stress response | msrA/B(pilB) | NMB0044 | |
| Nitrite reductase | Stress response | pan1 | NMB1623 | |
| Recombinational repair protein | Stress response | recN | NMB0740 | Yes [15] |
| Superoxide dismutase | Stress response | sodB | NMB0884 | |
| Superoxide dismutase | Stress response | sodC | NMB1398 | |
| FrpC operon protein | Toxin | NMB0364 | ||
| FrpC operon protein | Toxin | NMB0365 | ||
| FrpC operon protein | Toxin | NMB0584 | ||
| FrpC operon protein | Toxin | NMB1409 | ||
| FrpC operon protein | Toxin | NMB1412 | ||
| FrpC operon protein | Toxin | NMB1414 | ||
| Neisseria ADP-ribosylating enzyme | Toxin | narE | NMB1343 | |
| Putative toxin-activating protein | Toxin | NMB1210 | ||
| Putative toxin-activating protein | Toxin | NMB1763 | ||
| RTX toxin | Toxin | frpA | NMB0585 | |
| RTX toxin | Toxin | frpC | NMB1415 | Yes [54] |
| Oxidoreductase | Stress protein | dsbA-1 | NMB0278 | |
| Oxidoreductase | Stress protein | dsbA-2 | NMB0294 | |
| Oxidoreductase | Stress protein | dsbA-3 | NMB0407 |